Abstract: Changes in the water level in the Three Gorges Reservoir area have increased the frequency of landslide surges in the river, posing a threat to the safety of people's lives and property. To address this issue, reduction analysis of the energy generated by the landslide surge physical model tests was conducted. The analysis focused on wave dissipation efficiency, wave dissipation mechanisms, and the comprehensiveness of plate types(T-shaped, cross type),fence types(single-row type, multi-row type), and multi-hole types(integral type, split type) of wave structures. Key conclusions drawn from comparative analysis include: The fence type single-row structure is most effective in river emergency situations and wave reduction. Wave dissipation mechanisms involve incident wave reflection, vertical wave breaker blocking water body movement, floating board and water body friction, and backflow. Through comparative tests, the parameters of the single-row fence type wave-absorbing structure were optimized. The optimal design formula for the fence-type energy-dissipating structure was deduced, indicating that the efficiency of wave dissipation(β≥15%) and applicability is best when the L/h_w ratio falls within the range of 0.65 to 0.75. The method of calculating the optimal energy dissipation efficiency value under two-dimensional conditions was applied to discuss the solution method for the optimal value of the three-dimensional energy dissipation structure. The study also provides prevention and control measures along with suggestions for the practical application of energy dissipation structures.