QUARRYING TECHNIQUE AND ITS ADAPTABILITY TO ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL CONDITIONS IN CHANGYUDONGTIAN ANCIENT UNDERGROUND QUARRY:A CASE STUDY OF SHUIYUN CAVERN COMPLEX

The stone-quarrying industry in China has flourished for a very long history, which is featured by large scale, long duration, and numerous remains of ancient quarrying caverns. Zhejiang Province, one of the dozens of provinces in China, is particularly important in the ancient quarrying industry, and is home to many famous ancient underground caverns which are mostly tourism attractions now. Changyudongtian ancient underground quarry cavern in Zhejiang, for instance, is now listed as the world geopark and national mine park. It is found during field investigation that the ancient quarryman has invented a special quarrying technique in Changyudongtian. It consists of such seven processes including exploring, enlarging, eluding, excavating, draining, distributing and discharging, wand is now named as 4E3D technique. The Changyudongtian ancient quarry cavern group is an assemble of 28 large cavern complexes like Shuiyun cavern complex. It is extremely large in dimension. The 4E3D technique has played an important role in the quarrying process of Changyudongtian and undoubtedly extremely effective for stone quarrying. It is verified to be invented with full consideration of the local engineering geological conditions and the development level of the quarrying tools at the time.