RESERVOIR FRACTURING METHODOLOGIES AND DETERMINANTS OF FRACTURING EFFICACY

With the ongoing advancement of oil and gas exploration in China,resource development has expanded into new frontiers,including deep formations,deep-water areas,unconventional resources,and enhanced recovery in mature fields. Deep and unconventional reservoirs are generally characterized by low porosity,low permeability,and high development difficulty. As a key technology for enhancing reservoir permeability and improving productivity,reservoir fracturing plays an essential role in the efficient extraction of oil and gas. This paper reviews various reservoir fracturing methods and technologies,highlighting the evolution from traditional static-load techniques,such as hydraulic fracturing and waterless fracturing,to dynamic-load approaches,including impact fracturing and detonation fracturing. Concurrently,fracture initiation mechanisms have progressed from physical to chemical methods. Two emerging technologies—phase-transition resonance fracturing and in-fracture detonation fracturing—are introduced. In addition,the paper analyzes factors influencing fracture development and fracturing performance,emphasizing that reservoir lithology serves as the intrinsic material basis determining fracturing effectiveness,in-situ stress is the dominant factor controlling fracture propagation direction,and rock mass structure regulates fracture complexity. Furthermore,a shale oil fracability evaluation model incorporating four key indicators—brittleness,tensile strength,horizontal stress difference,and shear-wave velocity—is proposed.