Online Submission
Manuscript Tracking
Peer Review
Editor Work2002 Vol. 10, No. 1
Previous Issue
2002, 10(1): 3-9.
Abstract
A view of engineering geology is made in the paper. There are three stages of its development in past a half century and have two Engineering Geological centers (Beijing, Chengdu) and some academic engineering geological research groups (Nanjing etc.) were set up in China. The main achievements in engineering geology in the past 50 years, can be expressed in the following eight aspects:(1) Theory of rockmass structure engineering geomechanics;(2) Study on interaction between engineering activities geologic environment;(3) Stability evaluation of the Three-Gorges Project on Yangtze River;(4) Two types of environmental problems two suspended rivers, and theory of preferred plane;(5) Geo engineering geologic hazards control;(6) Nonlinear engineering geology;(7) Epigenetic time dependent structure;(8) Urban geo technology. Basic theory of engineering geologywas also in advance in the past over 50 years . Three basic theories: (1)Genetic Theory of rock-soil properties; (2)Structural theory of rock-soil stability and (3)The harmony between human the nature. Trend Prospect of Engineering Geology:The worlds population growth, industrialization and urbanization have led to focus the environmental civilization and environmental problems. The latter would threatne the sustainable social-economic sustainable development and even the existence of human being.Engineering geology market is very large for water resource,ecological environment and regional stability underground works in west China and for stability evaluation of large cities, problem of suspended river, and water resource water environment in east China. The development trend, 4 theoretical problems, and key technical problems are proposed and preliminarily analyzed in this paper. They are mainly the environment and geological hazards, the theoretical topic of engineering geology, the digitalization integration problems, and the Geo-engineering technical design treatment of the problems.
A view of engineering geology is made in the paper. There are three stages of its development in past a half century and have two Engineering Geological centers (Beijing, Chengdu) and some academic engineering geological research groups (Nanjing etc.) were set up in China. The main achievements in engineering geology in the past 50 years, can be expressed in the following eight aspects:(1) Theory of rockmass structure engineering geomechanics;(2) Study on interaction between engineering activities geologic environment;(3) Stability evaluation of the Three-Gorges Project on Yangtze River;(4) Two types of environmental problems two suspended rivers, and theory of preferred plane;(5) Geo engineering geologic hazards control;(6) Nonlinear engineering geology;(7) Epigenetic time dependent structure;(8) Urban geo technology. Basic theory of engineering geologywas also in advance in the past over 50 years . Three basic theories: (1)Genetic Theory of rock-soil properties; (2)Structural theory of rock-soil stability and (3)The harmony between human the nature. Trend Prospect of Engineering Geology:The worlds population growth, industrialization and urbanization have led to focus the environmental civilization and environmental problems. The latter would threatne the sustainable social-economic sustainable development and even the existence of human being.Engineering geology market is very large for water resource,ecological environment and regional stability underground works in west China and for stability evaluation of large cities, problem of suspended river, and water resource water environment in east China. The development trend, 4 theoretical problems, and key technical problems are proposed and preliminarily analyzed in this paper. They are mainly the environment and geological hazards, the theoretical topic of engineering geology, the digitalization integration problems, and the Geo-engineering technical design treatment of the problems.
2002, 10(1): 10-14.
Advancement of the engineering geomechanics rock mass, not only promotes the engineering geology, but also pluckes up ability to solve problems of actual engineerings. In its development process, new subjects are unceasingly proposed. Some important theories, methods and techniques will be estabilished and improved graclually along with solution of those problems. In the authors opinoin, two engineering geomechanics subjects as follows are worth paying close attention, namely, mechanics and protection of rock fall on slopes and theories and methods of engineering geomechanics metal-syntheses.
Advancement of the engineering geomechanics rock mass, not only promotes the engineering geology, but also pluckes up ability to solve problems of actual engineerings. In its development process, new subjects are unceasingly proposed. Some important theories, methods and techniques will be estabilished and improved graclually along with solution of those problems. In the authors opinoin, two engineering geomechanics subjects as follows are worth paying close attention, namely, mechanics and protection of rock fall on slopes and theories and methods of engineering geomechanics metal-syntheses.
2002, 10(1): 15-19.
There is a lot of detect in various kinds of rocks,which affects their engineering geological and hydrogeological properties. They must treated to meet the engineering constraction. But the problem is that the present treatment is carried out with little consideration of the engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions of the rockmass,thus the effectiveness is notideal. Some approaches to this problem are provided in the paper.
There is a lot of detect in various kinds of rocks,which affects their engineering geological and hydrogeological properties. They must treated to meet the engineering constraction. But the problem is that the present treatment is carried out with little consideration of the engineering-geological and hydrogeological conditions of the rockmass,thus the effectiveness is notideal. Some approaches to this problem are provided in the paper.
2002, 10(1): 20-25.
Weathering agency can result not only in vaviation of physical components and chemical components of rock, but also in change of joints and integrality of rock mass in the weathering process. Therefore, a better correlation exists between amounts of joints and block size in rockmass and degree of weathering. In this paper, the weathering zones are distinguished in accordance with joint spacing, integrality index of rock mass and rock quality index and in combination with rock mass structure and its engineering properties. A quantitative classification of weathering zones is carried out and good results are also obtained in the paper.
Weathering agency can result not only in vaviation of physical components and chemical components of rock, but also in change of joints and integrality of rock mass in the weathering process. Therefore, a better correlation exists between amounts of joints and block size in rockmass and degree of weathering. In this paper, the weathering zones are distinguished in accordance with joint spacing, integrality index of rock mass and rock quality index and in combination with rock mass structure and its engineering properties. A quantitative classification of weathering zones is carried out and good results are also obtained in the paper.
2002, 10(1): 26-32.
Study of epigenetic structure of rockmass is very important for understanding the structure of valley rockmass, constructing structural model of the rockmass, and its stability evaluation. In the area of Guandi Hydroelectropower Station, the epigenetic structures intensely developed, distributed regularily. In this paper, the authors study the regularity of spatial distribution and the association pattern of the epigenetic structures by analysis of the distribution of deformation and fracture trace, discuss their formation mechanism in connection with geologic physiological evolution mechanism, and construct the basic model of epigenetic structures of rockmass in the dam area.
Study of epigenetic structure of rockmass is very important for understanding the structure of valley rockmass, constructing structural model of the rockmass, and its stability evaluation. In the area of Guandi Hydroelectropower Station, the epigenetic structures intensely developed, distributed regularily. In this paper, the authors study the regularity of spatial distribution and the association pattern of the epigenetic structures by analysis of the distribution of deformation and fracture trace, discuss their formation mechanism in connection with geologic physiological evolution mechanism, and construct the basic model of epigenetic structures of rockmass in the dam area.
2002, 10(1): 33-37.
Because of the karst dissolution, the argillaceous limestone of the 3 rd member of middle Triassic Badong Formation (T 2 b 3 ), has been deformed in Sanmashan resettlement area of Fengjie County, Three-Gorge Reservoir region. On the basis of the deformation intensity, 3 different deformation zones are identified. They are slight dissolution-subsidence zone in the upper part(Ⅰ), dissolution-subsidence zone in the middle part(Ⅱ), and bank landslidein the lower part(Ⅲ). The dissolution subsidence zone(Ⅱ)is a main resettlement zone and should be kept off water. The bank landslide zone is difficult to control the slide and the resettlement buildings must be set away from there.
Because of the karst dissolution, the argillaceous limestone of the 3 rd member of middle Triassic Badong Formation (T 2 b 3 ), has been deformed in Sanmashan resettlement area of Fengjie County, Three-Gorge Reservoir region. On the basis of the deformation intensity, 3 different deformation zones are identified. They are slight dissolution-subsidence zone in the upper part(Ⅰ), dissolution-subsidence zone in the middle part(Ⅱ), and bank landslidein the lower part(Ⅲ). The dissolution subsidence zone(Ⅱ)is a main resettlement zone and should be kept off water. The bank landslide zone is difficult to control the slide and the resettlement buildings must be set away from there.
2002, 10(1): 38-45.
In this paper the regional geological conditions and geological features for diversion of river reaches in the engineering project of water diversion from the upper Yangtze River into the upper Yellow River are introduced. Rocks mainly consist of epimetamorphic sandstone and slate, which widespread in the region of the western line project. The strata were stronely folded. Active faults are distributed over the project area. The surface is covered by thick vegetation. So the geological conditions are relatively complicated. Main engineering geological problems such as geostresses and rock burst, soft rock creep, water invasion, debris flow, paroxysmal dislocation of active fault, and high geotemperature damage are discussed in the paper. The geological problems encountered in the first stage of the project are the stability of deeply buried tunnel and slop stability of opened channel.
In this paper the regional geological conditions and geological features for diversion of river reaches in the engineering project of water diversion from the upper Yangtze River into the upper Yellow River are introduced. Rocks mainly consist of epimetamorphic sandstone and slate, which widespread in the region of the western line project. The strata were stronely folded. Active faults are distributed over the project area. The surface is covered by thick vegetation. So the geological conditions are relatively complicated. Main engineering geological problems such as geostresses and rock burst, soft rock creep, water invasion, debris flow, paroxysmal dislocation of active fault, and high geotemperature damage are discussed in the paper. The geological problems encountered in the first stage of the project are the stability of deeply buried tunnel and slop stability of opened channel.
2002, 10(1): 46-50.
From the Darcy-Gersevanov generalized flow relation between aquifer solid and interstitial water,we firstly present analytical expressions of horizontal aquifer movement and strains induced by constant-volume pumping from a single well in the Thies-Thiem confined system,and then propose a new mechanism for ground fissure movement triggered by ground water pumping. The main view points are under constraint by discharging well screen,an inner radial compression zone and an outer radial tension zone would be formed around the discharging well during pumping.With increasing pumping time the inner radial compression zone would extend outward.Hence,when aa ground fissure or its underlying fault is located in the outer radial tension zone, the movement of ground fissure would be accelerated by groundwater pumping. On the contrary, when the ground fissure is located in the inner compression zone, its movement will reduce with pumping. The new mechanism has been tentatively verified by site pumping experiment at a typical ground fissure of Datong city,China.
From the Darcy-Gersevanov generalized flow relation between aquifer solid and interstitial water,we firstly present analytical expressions of horizontal aquifer movement and strains induced by constant-volume pumping from a single well in the Thies-Thiem confined system,and then propose a new mechanism for ground fissure movement triggered by ground water pumping. The main view points are under constraint by discharging well screen,an inner radial compression zone and an outer radial tension zone would be formed around the discharging well during pumping.With increasing pumping time the inner radial compression zone would extend outward.Hence,when aa ground fissure or its underlying fault is located in the outer radial tension zone, the movement of ground fissure would be accelerated by groundwater pumping. On the contrary, when the ground fissure is located in the inner compression zone, its movement will reduce with pumping. The new mechanism has been tentatively verified by site pumping experiment at a typical ground fissure of Datong city,China.
2002, 10(1): 51-54.
The estimation and analysis of distribution regularities of the indices, such as RMR value, Q value, and self-stable time, based on a number of the cases on classifications of rock mass are made by means of the principles of statistics and modeling. Meanwhile, some relationships between the indices and rock types are obtained. They will be very useful in the theoretical study and engineering practice.
The estimation and analysis of distribution regularities of the indices, such as RMR value, Q value, and self-stable time, based on a number of the cases on classifications of rock mass are made by means of the principles of statistics and modeling. Meanwhile, some relationships between the indices and rock types are obtained. They will be very useful in the theoretical study and engineering practice.
2002, 10(1): 55-61.
The process and contents of frozen soil research along Qinghai-Xizang highway are systemically reviewed and an emphasis is put to describe the study results in 1990s. The recent studies were conducted on engineering geology of frozen soil, ground temperature under the roadbed, the influence of frozen soil environment, engineering classification of frozen soil, and geographical information system. All the results of frozen soil obtained along Qinghai-Xizang Highway from 1993 to 2000 , can provide the scientific basis for solving important engineering-technological problems of frozen soil and for engineering design of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.
The process and contents of frozen soil research along Qinghai-Xizang highway are systemically reviewed and an emphasis is put to describe the study results in 1990s. The recent studies were conducted on engineering geology of frozen soil, ground temperature under the roadbed, the influence of frozen soil environment, engineering classification of frozen soil, and geographical information system. All the results of frozen soil obtained along Qinghai-Xizang Highway from 1993 to 2000 , can provide the scientific basis for solving important engineering-technological problems of frozen soil and for engineering design of the Qinghai-Xizang Railway.
APPLICATION OF MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FAULT GOUGE TO ASSESSMENT OF BRIDGE-BASE STABILITY
2002, 10(1): 62-67.
The undisturbed micro-textures and the microstructures of fault gouges, as well as the eroded micro-textures, the microstructures and surface textural characteristics of the quartz fragments are measured by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in this paper. The aseismtic problem and the fracture-resistance problem are analyzed and assessed. This study has great significance to prove the stability of superlarge Bridge on Yangtze River built along the fault zone, and provides geological basis for the rational design and the safety of Zhenyang Bidge Project.
The undisturbed micro-textures and the microstructures of fault gouges, as well as the eroded micro-textures, the microstructures and surface textural characteristics of the quartz fragments are measured by the scanning electron microscope (SEM) in this paper. The aseismtic problem and the fracture-resistance problem are analyzed and assessed. This study has great significance to prove the stability of superlarge Bridge on Yangtze River built along the fault zone, and provides geological basis for the rational design and the safety of Zhenyang Bidge Project.
2002, 10(1): 68-73.
From the engineering-geological investigation data of embankment area in the downstream of the Yellow River, the engineering-geological conditions for waterproof wall to be built are studied in this paper, and the engineering-geological problems, such as embankment foudations seepage, deformation, sand-soil liquefaction, and uneven settlement are also studied. Based on these studies, some useful processing methods are put forward.
From the engineering-geological investigation data of embankment area in the downstream of the Yellow River, the engineering-geological conditions for waterproof wall to be built are studied in this paper, and the engineering-geological problems, such as embankment foudations seepage, deformation, sand-soil liquefaction, and uneven settlement are also studied. Based on these studies, some useful processing methods are put forward.
2002, 10(1): 74-77.
Using the geoelectric instrument MCOHM 21 made by OYO Company, Japan, we did the high density electric resistivity exploration for detecting geology weakness of the water reservoir dam in Ba shan, Da ye, Hui baoling of Shan dong province with the pole pole array. The fault, fracture belts, geology weakness structure and some man made hidden drain caves are displayed very clearly on the resistivity profiles. Part of results has been proved by borehole data.
Using the geoelectric instrument MCOHM 21 made by OYO Company, Japan, we did the high density electric resistivity exploration for detecting geology weakness of the water reservoir dam in Ba shan, Da ye, Hui baoling of Shan dong province with the pole pole array. The fault, fracture belts, geology weakness structure and some man made hidden drain caves are displayed very clearly on the resistivity profiles. Part of results has been proved by borehole data.
2002, 10(1): 78-82.
This paper introduces the fundamental principles and characteristics of the Unwedge program(2.35) and its application to analysis of rockmass block stability around an underground workshop. It indicates that the Ver.2.35 is superior to Ver.1.0 because of its revision and improvement of its fundction. On the basis of our experience, the previous Unwedge program has its limitation.
This paper introduces the fundamental principles and characteristics of the Unwedge program(2.35) and its application to analysis of rockmass block stability around an underground workshop. It indicates that the Ver.2.35 is superior to Ver.1.0 because of its revision and improvement of its fundction. On the basis of our experience, the previous Unwedge program has its limitation.
2002, 10(1): 83-88.
Using the data of underground water in Dashiban landslide in 1983, an artificial neural network method is developed to predict the groundwater table in observation holes with both drainage and non-drainage systems. The groundwater table is considered as a fixed water head boundary to simulate the seepage of the landslide. The limit equilibrium analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of drainage system are made in combination with result of stability analysis of landslide and according to the variation of groundwater related to landslide drainage system. The result shows that the drainage control engineering is reasonable and effective.
Using the data of underground water in Dashiban landslide in 1983, an artificial neural network method is developed to predict the groundwater table in observation holes with both drainage and non-drainage systems. The groundwater table is considered as a fixed water head boundary to simulate the seepage of the landslide. The limit equilibrium analysis and evaluation of the effectiveness of drainage system are made in combination with result of stability analysis of landslide and according to the variation of groundwater related to landslide drainage system. The result shows that the drainage control engineering is reasonable and effective.
2002, 10(1): 89-92.
Leiyi Expressway was constructed in the mountains and hills area. With larger difference of its topography and geology condition along the line,there are many types of roadcut slopes and different slope characteristic. This paper introduces the main characteristic of roadcut slopes, the principal causations of slope failure and comprehensive treatment measures.
Leiyi Expressway was constructed in the mountains and hills area. With larger difference of its topography and geology condition along the line,there are many types of roadcut slopes and different slope characteristic. This paper introduces the main characteristic of roadcut slopes, the principal causations of slope failure and comprehensive treatment measures.
2002, 10(1): 93-97.
Fracturing process of rock caused by loading is an important problem in study of failure mechanism of rock. In order to analyze quantitatively the fracturing process of rock, sandstone specimen was tested under uniaxial and triaxial compressions and observed by X-ray . From the result the formula of rock damage variable and its increment and the calculation of rock initial damage variable are proposed. Analyzed CT images and relational curves between stress and density damage increment of sandstone, we found that the fracturing process of sandstone occurred in five stages,i.e. the compaction by initial damage, crack extension, the crack merging and forking of crack, the continuos forking and extension of crack, and the connection of cracks and failure of rock. In the stage of compaction by initial damage, density damage increment of sandstone is positive and the rate ia positive. In the stage of crack extension, local density damage increment of sandstone decreased and changed from positive to negative, and the rates changed also from positive to negative with increasing stress. In the stage of merging and forking of crack, density damage increment of sandstone is negative and the rate became higher. In the stage of continuous forking and extension of crack, density damage increment of sandstone is continuously negative, but the rate became slower. In the stage of connection of cracks and failure of rock, the density damage increment of sandstone is continuously negative and the rate became higher.
Fracturing process of rock caused by loading is an important problem in study of failure mechanism of rock. In order to analyze quantitatively the fracturing process of rock, sandstone specimen was tested under uniaxial and triaxial compressions and observed by X-ray . From the result the formula of rock damage variable and its increment and the calculation of rock initial damage variable are proposed. Analyzed CT images and relational curves between stress and density damage increment of sandstone, we found that the fracturing process of sandstone occurred in five stages,i.e. the compaction by initial damage, crack extension, the crack merging and forking of crack, the continuos forking and extension of crack, and the connection of cracks and failure of rock. In the stage of compaction by initial damage, density damage increment of sandstone is positive and the rate ia positive. In the stage of crack extension, local density damage increment of sandstone decreased and changed from positive to negative, and the rates changed also from positive to negative with increasing stress. In the stage of merging and forking of crack, density damage increment of sandstone is negative and the rate became higher. In the stage of continuous forking and extension of crack, density damage increment of sandstone is continuously negative, but the rate became slower. In the stage of connection of cracks and failure of rock, the density damage increment of sandstone is continuously negative and the rate became higher.
2002, 10(1): 98-102.
Based on a review of JRC measurement methods, according to the specific characteristics of rock joint, a piece of profilogragh and roughness rulerare a introduced in the paper. These instruments provide a simple and fast method for generalization and measurement JRC in rockmass.
Based on a review of JRC measurement methods, according to the specific characteristics of rock joint, a piece of profilogragh and roughness rulerare a introduced in the paper. These instruments provide a simple and fast method for generalization and measurement JRC in rockmass.
2002, 10(1): 103-107.
The Changjiang delta is an area with dense population and high developing economy. The geological structure is very complicated and environmental geological condition is vulnerable. The extensive lowering and sinking of regionql groundwater table, the ground subsidence and the ground cracks have begun to form because of over pumping of groundwater for a long time. So the sustainable development of economy have been threatened in this area. The significance and goal of GIS management system for environmental geological survey evaluation in Changjiang delta and its development model and approach to its implementation are briefly discussed, and the functions of the system are simply introduced in this paper. A feasible thinking way for development of the GIS system in the Changjiang delta is suggested.
The Changjiang delta is an area with dense population and high developing economy. The geological structure is very complicated and environmental geological condition is vulnerable. The extensive lowering and sinking of regionql groundwater table, the ground subsidence and the ground cracks have begun to form because of over pumping of groundwater for a long time. So the sustainable development of economy have been threatened in this area. The significance and goal of GIS management system for environmental geological survey evaluation in Changjiang delta and its development model and approach to its implementation are briefly discussed, and the functions of the system are simply introduced in this paper. A feasible thinking way for development of the GIS system in the Changjiang delta is suggested.
2002, 10(1): 108-112.
By set up of an equation of dynamic contact between hammer and foundation soil, in this paper a finite element model for dynamic compactionks impact and collision is constructed. Contact force and contact displacement of hammer is found in the calculation. By using UL method, a large deformation dynamic equilibrant equation of the finite element system of dynamic compaction is formulated in this paper. A geometric nonlinear influence taken into consideration in analysis. Erosion element is adopted in the program for decreasing the grid instability. The program considers the influence of the weight of hammer and can simulate the departing phenomenon between hammer and soil. At the end of this paper, some engineering examples are discussed to test and verify this program.
By set up of an equation of dynamic contact between hammer and foundation soil, in this paper a finite element model for dynamic compactionks impact and collision is constructed. Contact force and contact displacement of hammer is found in the calculation. By using UL method, a large deformation dynamic equilibrant equation of the finite element system of dynamic compaction is formulated in this paper. A geometric nonlinear influence taken into consideration in analysis. Erosion element is adopted in the program for decreasing the grid instability. The program considers the influence of the weight of hammer and can simulate the departing phenomenon between hammer and soil. At the end of this paper, some engineering examples are discussed to test and verify this program.
微信 | 公众平台 
