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Editor Work2002 Vol. 10, No. S1
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2002, 10(S1): 1-8,55.
Abstract
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Through the research on stress field of Chinese continent, displacement direction, constraint condition of speed rate and the collision of Indian plate towards Eurasian plate etc.,a unified tectonic dynamic model is presented. In order to make a further research, the study and description on mechanical system, unstability and mechanical model of many-body collision are carried out, in addition mechanical model is established. Finally,based on the research of unified tectonic dynamic model and mechanical model, numerical simulation study isconducted as well, dynamics process of the uplift of Qingzang plateau is analyzed and discussed accordingly.
Through the research on stress field of Chinese continent, displacement direction, constraint condition of speed rate and the collision of Indian plate towards Eurasian plate etc.,a unified tectonic dynamic model is presented. In order to make a further research, the study and description on mechanical system, unstability and mechanical model of many-body collision are carried out, in addition mechanical model is established. Finally,based on the research of unified tectonic dynamic model and mechanical model, numerical simulation study isconducted as well, dynamics process of the uplift of Qingzang plateau is analyzed and discussed accordingly.
2002, 10(S1): 9-19.
By taking heishanxia gorge region on the yellow river as the sample, space-time characteristic of seismicities at that area has been analyized, and according to the layering structure of lithosphere and feature of its mechanical strength, the layering characteritics of seismogeny and its mechanism has been analysed. By analy the dynamics mechanism of seismogeny on north-south deep-seated belt of seismogeny, The stereographic cross model of seismogeny at that area has been established. On that basis, the segmentation feature of seismicity on Zhongwei-Tongxin active fault zone, and dynamic effect of deep quaking have been analysized and sum.
By taking heishanxia gorge region on the yellow river as the sample, space-time characteristic of seismicities at that area has been analyized, and according to the layering structure of lithosphere and feature of its mechanical strength, the layering characteritics of seismogeny and its mechanism has been analysed. By analy the dynamics mechanism of seismogeny on north-south deep-seated belt of seismogeny, The stereographic cross model of seismogeny at that area has been established. On that basis, the segmentation feature of seismicity on Zhongwei-Tongxin active fault zone, and dynamic effect of deep quaking have been analysized and sum.
2002, 10(S1): 20-24.
Background of seism-dynamics controlled regularityies of the space-time distribution,seismogeny and pattern of regional seismicities. By the sample of space-time characteristic of seismicities in heishanxia gorge region on the yellow river, the text generalize the pattern of seism-dynamics to conjugation-sliding pattern in that area., and analysize, calculate the model by using 3d finite element method of nonlinear visco-elasticoplasticity, reveal the essence of active regularity.
Background of seism-dynamics controlled regularityies of the space-time distribution,seismogeny and pattern of regional seismicities. By the sample of space-time characteristic of seismicities in heishanxia gorge region on the yellow river, the text generalize the pattern of seism-dynamics to conjugation-sliding pattern in that area., and analysize, calculate the model by using 3d finite element method of nonlinear visco-elasticoplasticity, reveal the essence of active regularity.
2002, 10(S1): 25-29.
Tectonic features, environmental problems and upliftig mechanism are the fronteer subjects of study in geo-science, and are also the hot topics of engineering geology and environmental geology. The plate tectonic theory that was fomulated on the basis of heat field, gravitational field has,proposed various dynamic models of the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The authors put forward a new global theory, the thermal nuclear reaction and explosion produced by twisting vortex and throw-out plain the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reasonably.structure. It may be used to explain the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reasonably.
Tectonic features, environmental problems and upliftig mechanism are the fronteer subjects of study in geo-science, and are also the hot topics of engineering geology and environmental geology. The plate tectonic theory that was fomulated on the basis of heat field, gravitational field has,proposed various dynamic models of the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau. The authors put forward a new global theory, the thermal nuclear reaction and explosion produced by twisting vortex and throw-out plain the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reasonably.structure. It may be used to explain the formation and uplift of the Qinghai-Tibet plateau reasonably.
2002, 10(S1): 30-35,41.
Repeated GPS surveys in Nepal and southern Tibet provide a direct measurement bf current crustal motions. GPS surveys have been carried out in the region by U. S.,Nepalese and Chinese scientists since 1991.We have measured(17?3)mm/year of contraction between sites in southern Tibet and stable peninsular India,concentrated in a north-south wne 120 km wide at the surface. GPS and leveling observations are consistent with an abrupt transition from a slipping to locked interface at a depth of about 20 kin. We infer India to be underthrusting Tibet at a rate of(20?3)mm/a, and predict additional elastic deformation north of our network.East-west extension of southern Tibet is observed at a,rate of(6?3)mm/year between Lhasa and the Mt. Everest region, and(12?3)m/a relative to western Nepal. This rate is consistent with a simple model in which the Tibetan overthrust wedge extends to maintain arc-norrrial slip vectors all along the Himalayan arc. Additional measurements to be carried out over the next three years will refine these models and extend the spatial extent of our measurements to include more of the Tibetan plateau.
Repeated GPS surveys in Nepal and southern Tibet provide a direct measurement bf current crustal motions. GPS surveys have been carried out in the region by U. S.,Nepalese and Chinese scientists since 1991.We have measured(17?3)mm/year of contraction between sites in southern Tibet and stable peninsular India,concentrated in a north-south wne 120 km wide at the surface. GPS and leveling observations are consistent with an abrupt transition from a slipping to locked interface at a depth of about 20 kin. We infer India to be underthrusting Tibet at a rate of(20?3)mm/a, and predict additional elastic deformation north of our network.East-west extension of southern Tibet is observed at a,rate of(6?3)mm/year between Lhasa and the Mt. Everest region, and(12?3)m/a relative to western Nepal. This rate is consistent with a simple model in which the Tibetan overthrust wedge extends to maintain arc-norrrial slip vectors all along the Himalayan arc. Additional measurements to be carried out over the next three years will refine these models and extend the spatial extent of our measurements to include more of the Tibetan plateau.
2002, 10(S1): 36-41.
In this paper, some questions demanding to make a thorough study in seismic engineering geology is presented, it include seismic geology effect of fault and its estimate method, soil-structure dynamic interaction,rock dynamics basis theory, slope seismic steady analysis, city seismic engineering geology, and application of information technology in seismic engineering geology et al. It has important significance that put more energy into the studying work to protect the people's life and property.
In this paper, some questions demanding to make a thorough study in seismic engineering geology is presented, it include seismic geology effect of fault and its estimate method, soil-structure dynamic interaction,rock dynamics basis theory, slope seismic steady analysis, city seismic engineering geology, and application of information technology in seismic engineering geology et al. It has important significance that put more energy into the studying work to protect the people's life and property.
2002, 10(S1): 42-45.
The West-East Natural Gas Transportation Pipeline Engineering is famous for the length,variety of geomorphology alone the line and complexity of engineering geological condition. This paper analyzes and evaluates the regional stability according to regional geological conformation, the environment of seismicity, the seism of engineering geological environment and activity of rupture,etc. Along the line dispersed terrestrial saline soil,collapsible loess, expansive soil and soft clay and the potential engineering geological problem are expatiated during construction and management.
The West-East Natural Gas Transportation Pipeline Engineering is famous for the length,variety of geomorphology alone the line and complexity of engineering geological condition. This paper analyzes and evaluates the regional stability according to regional geological conformation, the environment of seismicity, the seism of engineering geological environment and activity of rupture,etc. Along the line dispersed terrestrial saline soil,collapsible loess, expansive soil and soft clay and the potential engineering geological problem are expatiated during construction and management.
2002, 10(S1): 46-49.
The movement of ground fissures has brought great loss for Xi' an city building and industry production. Researching on the movement mechanism of Xi'an ground fissures has great significance for the prevention the disaster of ground fissures. Now most researchers believe that the extraordinary movement of the ground fissures mainly resulted from uneven ground subsidence that caused by the over pumping of ground water. However, there are different explains on the reason of the uneven ground subsidence. Here, the author uses the horizontal consolidation theory to explain the extraording movement of the ground fissures, according the compressing test results of horizontal and vertical, and the phenomena of movement of ground fissures and ground subsidence in Xi' an.
The movement of ground fissures has brought great loss for Xi' an city building and industry production. Researching on the movement mechanism of Xi'an ground fissures has great significance for the prevention the disaster of ground fissures. Now most researchers believe that the extraordinary movement of the ground fissures mainly resulted from uneven ground subsidence that caused by the over pumping of ground water. However, there are different explains on the reason of the uneven ground subsidence. Here, the author uses the horizontal consolidation theory to explain the extraording movement of the ground fissures, according the compressing test results of horizontal and vertical, and the phenomena of movement of ground fissures and ground subsidence in Xi' an.
2002, 10(S1): 50-55.
Based on the properties and evolutive trend of geoenvironmental system of northwest China, this paper mainlyed on the properties and evolutive trend of geoenvironmental system of northwest China, this paper mainly discuss that how to layout a I overall plan on significant engineering projects in northwest China concerning the interaction between human engineering activity and geoenvironment.
Based on the properties and evolutive trend of geoenvironmental system of northwest China, this paper mainlyed on the properties and evolutive trend of geoenvironmental system of northwest China, this paper mainly discuss that how to layout a I overall plan on significant engineering projects in northwest China concerning the interaction between human engineering activity and geoenvironment.
2002, 10(S1): 56-61,71.
Northwestern China is rich in oil and gas resources. In recent years the regional pipeline-network gas has been constructed in.northwestern China, which plays an important region's oil and gas industry. The topography, geological structure and environment role in the development of the northwestern China are rather complicated due to its unique geographic location and climate.geological hazards. In order to assure the safety of the oil-gas pipeline Thus the region is prone to a varieties of network, the region's geological hazard has to be investigated systematically. In addition, the proper counter-measure of the prevention of geological hazard has to be worked out clearly. This is also of great importance in the nation's campaign of developing northwestern region and improving its ecological environments.
Northwestern China is rich in oil and gas resources. In recent years the regional pipeline-network gas has been constructed in.northwestern China, which plays an important region's oil and gas industry. The topography, geological structure and environment role in the development of the northwestern China are rather complicated due to its unique geographic location and climate.geological hazards. In order to assure the safety of the oil-gas pipeline Thus the region is prone to a varieties of network, the region's geological hazard has to be investigated systematically. In addition, the proper counter-measure of the prevention of geological hazard has to be worked out clearly. This is also of great importance in the nation's campaign of developing northwestern region and improving its ecological environments.
2002, 10(S1): 62-71.
The 10 faults along the Lanzhou-Chengdu oil pipelineare researched with geological, physiognomy analysis and investigation on site. It is found out that These faults' situation, the last active time, movement characteristics and the relation with pipeline. In according with seismic research and forecast theory, it is estimated that the width of active fault, sudden displacement, possible maximum seismic grade in the future 100 years.
The 10 faults along the Lanzhou-Chengdu oil pipelineare researched with geological, physiognomy analysis and investigation on site. It is found out that These faults' situation, the last active time, movement characteristics and the relation with pipeline. In according with seismic research and forecast theory, it is estimated that the width of active fault, sudden displacement, possible maximum seismic grade in the future 100 years.
2002, 10(S1): 72-76,90.
Based mainly on detailed field geological investigation and a few geophysical surveys while utilizing interpretation of aerial photograph and satellite picture subsidiary, the plane and profile structures of Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone in the outlet of the Heishan gorge on the Yellow river are studied and hence some results are gained. The Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone comprises of six secondary faults that are F1,F2,F3,F8(7),F201 and F202 from south to north and strike to east nearly. As for plane structure, the ends of each fault converge at the adjacent one among them and then overlap each other. All faults converge on fault F201.These faults with exception of F3 dip. to south and form a complex active imbricated shrusting nappe.
Based mainly on detailed field geological investigation and a few geophysical surveys while utilizing interpretation of aerial photograph and satellite picture subsidiary, the plane and profile structures of Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone in the outlet of the Heishan gorge on the Yellow river are studied and hence some results are gained. The Zhongwei-Tongxin fault zone comprises of six secondary faults that are F1,F2,F3,F8(7),F201 and F202 from south to north and strike to east nearly. As for plane structure, the ends of each fault converge at the adjacent one among them and then overlap each other. All faults converge on fault F201.These faults with exception of F3 dip. to south and form a complex active imbricated shrusting nappe.
2002, 10(S1): 77-81.
In Qinling mountain where Xi'an-Nan jing railway going through, topograghy and geological condition is complex and the earth crust has been under going endless geological term. The complex geological enviroment has been formed, affected by strongly structural force and outer force. In which,as selecting railway, various engineering geological problem will be met. The main problems and it's treating have been analysed so as to give a reference about selecting railway line and treating in mountain area in future.
In Qinling mountain where Xi'an-Nan jing railway going through, topograghy and geological condition is complex and the earth crust has been under going endless geological term. The complex geological enviroment has been formed, affected by strongly structural force and outer force. In which,as selecting railway, various engineering geological problem will be met. The main problems and it's treating have been analysed so as to give a reference about selecting railway line and treating in mountain area in future.
2002, 10(S1): 82-85.
On the basis of the analysis of the geological, mining, and engineering geological characteristics, the base contents of the prospecting methods about the gob areas under highway are discussed. The characteristics of the deformation on ground are analyzed. The harm of, the gob areas of coal mine is evaluted. In the end, the treating method and the present problems of gob areas of coal mine are raised.
On the basis of the analysis of the geological, mining, and engineering geological characteristics, the base contents of the prospecting methods about the gob areas under highway are discussed. The characteristics of the deformation on ground are analyzed. The harm of, the gob areas of coal mine is evaluted. In the end, the treating method and the present problems of gob areas of coal mine are raised.
2002, 10(S1): 86-90.
Diastrophism is most active and the environment 0is most friable in west China. Some road suffered diseases and have weak capabilities for preventing disasters. And debris.flevvs, landslides and avalanches frequently occur, and obstruct the roads. Some regional special earth caused some diseases on roads, such as frozen earth, desert, loess,etc. During western China developing, Some geological problems are confronted, and should be attached important to roading. This paper discussed some questions on highway construction in western, such as routing based on geological conditions, disaster controlling, and environmental protecting, etc.
Diastrophism is most active and the environment 0is most friable in west China. Some road suffered diseases and have weak capabilities for preventing disasters. And debris.flevvs, landslides and avalanches frequently occur, and obstruct the roads. Some regional special earth caused some diseases on roads, such as frozen earth, desert, loess,etc. During western China developing, Some geological problems are confronted, and should be attached important to roading. This paper discussed some questions on highway construction in western, such as routing based on geological conditions, disaster controlling, and environmental protecting, etc.
2002, 10(S1): 91-96.
In the paper, based on the theory of regional stability dynamics, the study on regional stability dynamics about Xi'an ground rupture is firstly made. More over, the four-dimensional dynamic model bringing about Xi'an ground fissure is explained, the rupture effect of regional stratified dynamic system and its inversion are discussed,and new viewpoints and understanding are produced on the disaster effect of ground fissure.
In the paper, based on the theory of regional stability dynamics, the study on regional stability dynamics about Xi'an ground rupture is firstly made. More over, the four-dimensional dynamic model bringing about Xi'an ground fissure is explained, the rupture effect of regional stratified dynamic system and its inversion are discussed,and new viewpoints and understanding are produced on the disaster effect of ground fissure.
2002, 10(S1): 97-102,107.
The size of the backbone FZOi of active faults and its active intensity are major factors which affecto stability of the damsite in daliushu damsite district of heishanxia gorge. By analyzing basic framework of fracture structure, expatiate the controlling and affecting of the activity of F201 fault on a series of secoridary faults and F7(8)which is another major fault. By discussing the size of the F201 of active faults and its active intensity, consider that the F201 fault is longer than 60Km. The frenche have revealed seven paleoearthquake events since late Pleistocene, at least four among the seven paleoearthquake events are greater than Ms≥7.0.
The size of the backbone FZOi of active faults and its active intensity are major factors which affecto stability of the damsite in daliushu damsite district of heishanxia gorge. By analyzing basic framework of fracture structure, expatiate the controlling and affecting of the activity of F201 fault on a series of secoridary faults and F7(8)which is another major fault. By discussing the size of the F201 of active faults and its active intensity, consider that the F201 fault is longer than 60Km. The frenche have revealed seven paleoearthquake events since late Pleistocene, at least four among the seven paleoearthquake events are greater than Ms≥7.0.
2002, 10(S1): 103-107.
In accordance with the characteristic of long distance buried pipeline system, structure model of pipeline system and failure probability model of pipeline under seismic wave are established in this paper. Based on probability theory, system theory and reliability principle, system reliability of pipeline is respectively analyzed to failure independence and dependence. Result shows that when site classification and earthquake intensity of every pipeline unit is identical, considering failure dependence is very essential to system reliability analysis of long distance buried pipeline under seismic wave.
In accordance with the characteristic of long distance buried pipeline system, structure model of pipeline system and failure probability model of pipeline under seismic wave are established in this paper. Based on probability theory, system theory and reliability principle, system reliability of pipeline is respectively analyzed to failure independence and dependence. Result shows that when site classification and earthquake intensity of every pipeline unit is identical, considering failure dependence is very essential to system reliability analysis of long distance buried pipeline under seismic wave.
2002, 10(S1): 108-112,116.
In this paper, many factors about fault gouge resulting in the uncertainty of fault gouge dating result are regarded, the possible results of the uncertainty caused by these factors are analyzed, and the geochronological significance of fault gouge dating and its application in research on active faults are discussed. The results of fault gouge dating may be regarded as the maximum limit of the latest active age of fault, and the latest age of fault active should be younger than the dating results. The dating results of fault gouge may be used to determine that a fault is active, but it could not be used to determine that a fault is inactive, and extraordinarily could not be used to determine that a creep fault or segment is inactive. The difference of fault gouge dating results in many faults or segments would reflect the difference of their active intensity rather than that of their active age.
In this paper, many factors about fault gouge resulting in the uncertainty of fault gouge dating result are regarded, the possible results of the uncertainty caused by these factors are analyzed, and the geochronological significance of fault gouge dating and its application in research on active faults are discussed. The results of fault gouge dating may be regarded as the maximum limit of the latest active age of fault, and the latest age of fault active should be younger than the dating results. The dating results of fault gouge may be used to determine that a fault is active, but it could not be used to determine that a fault is inactive, and extraordinarily could not be used to determine that a creep fault or segment is inactive. The difference of fault gouge dating results in many faults or segments would reflect the difference of their active intensity rather than that of their active age.
2002, 10(S1): 113-116.
The aboveground river of Yellow River is joint function rusult natural processes and man-made factor. The lower Yellow River people's life and property hinges on stability of aboveground river. In this paper the factor of the aboveground river's stability have been discussed:①geologic structure;② streamflow geomor-phological;③channel material and structure;④stream processes;⑤harness a river.
The aboveground river of Yellow River is joint function rusult natural processes and man-made factor. The lower Yellow River people's life and property hinges on stability of aboveground river. In this paper the factor of the aboveground river's stability have been discussed:①geologic structure;② streamflow geomor-phological;③channel material and structure;④stream processes;⑤harness a river.
2002, 10(S1): 117-122.
Sustained development,not only being a slogan, but also being a new concept embedded into the soul of the people, is a guidance idea for government to make a strategic decision. Tenet of environmental geology & engineering a branch of geology, is to harmonize human being,the necessarilitylems, sustained of environmental geology & engineering are expounded & environment. The significance and according to the environmental probdevelopment, origin of environment geology & engineering, the main features and the relationship between the environmental geology&engineering and the related subject.
Sustained development,not only being a slogan, but also being a new concept embedded into the soul of the people, is a guidance idea for government to make a strategic decision. Tenet of environmental geology & engineering a branch of geology, is to harmonize human being,the necessarilitylems, sustained of environmental geology & engineering are expounded & environment. The significance and according to the environmental probdevelopment, origin of environment geology & engineering, the main features and the relationship between the environmental geology&engineering and the related subject.
2002, 10(S1): 123-128.
As groundwater researchers know, it is difficult to obtain basin-wide, distributed hydrngeological data and aquifer parameter data, especially in a large-scale watershed. In this research, the direct inverse method is employed to resolve the problem of identifying distributed aquifer parameters in a basin. The direct inverse method is faced with the So-called ill-posedness problem that makes the equations yield no solution. In order to overcome this difficulty, the non-optimization solution scheme is adopted. This model is validated by an application in the Kanto Plain, Japan.
As groundwater researchers know, it is difficult to obtain basin-wide, distributed hydrngeological data and aquifer parameter data, especially in a large-scale watershed. In this research, the direct inverse method is employed to resolve the problem of identifying distributed aquifer parameters in a basin. The direct inverse method is faced with the So-called ill-posedness problem that makes the equations yield no solution. In order to overcome this difficulty, the non-optimization solution scheme is adopted. This model is validated by an application in the Kanto Plain, Japan.
2002, 10(S1): 129-133.
Chaidamu basin becomes one of the emphasis in the West Development of China for its abundant mineral resoures. But its ecological environment is very fragile,the facilities are largely damaged by wind corrasion and wind-drift sand hazard. All those made the environment worse and worse. On the basis of detailed surveying and study. The paper analyses the mechanism of wind corrasion and wind-drift sand hazard, and puts forward synthetic control measures. It provides theoretical basis to control desertification and to protect environment inside the basin.
Chaidamu basin becomes one of the emphasis in the West Development of China for its abundant mineral resoures. But its ecological environment is very fragile,the facilities are largely damaged by wind corrasion and wind-drift sand hazard. All those made the environment worse and worse. On the basis of detailed surveying and study. The paper analyses the mechanism of wind corrasion and wind-drift sand hazard, and puts forward synthetic control measures. It provides theoretical basis to control desertification and to protect environment inside the basin.
2002, 10(S1): 134-137.
This thesis introduces a way to decide the scale of the sand model. The experiments phenomena of two modelsis preseated and explained. The experiments data show the distribution of the water head and the seepage gradient near the flowing sand channel. Additionally, the effects,by the sand porosity, the weight of the overlaid soil and the ascending speed of the seepage Bead produce on flowing sand, are reoorgnized by contrasting experiments.
This thesis introduces a way to decide the scale of the sand model. The experiments phenomena of two modelsis preseated and explained. The experiments data show the distribution of the water head and the seepage gradient near the flowing sand channel. Additionally, the effects,by the sand porosity, the weight of the overlaid soil and the ascending speed of the seepage Bead produce on flowing sand, are reoorgnized by contrasting experiments.
2002, 10(S1): 138-141.
A prediction-method of large ground displacements caused by seismic liquefaction is presented in this paper.The formulae of displacement during earthquake, large ground displacement of non-liquefaction layer which is laid on the liquefaction one induced by duration of pore water pressure diffusion after earthquake, displacement and veloaty of liquefaction materials are deduced on the principle of variation and the method of fluid mechanics. In order to check these formulae, take the example of the large ground displacements caused by Shibiyuan sandy loess seismic liquefaction which was triggered by 1920 Haiyuan earthquake(Ms=8.5),Ningxia Autonomous Region of Hui-Minority, China. The computed results quite agree with the evidences in field.
A prediction-method of large ground displacements caused by seismic liquefaction is presented in this paper.The formulae of displacement during earthquake, large ground displacement of non-liquefaction layer which is laid on the liquefaction one induced by duration of pore water pressure diffusion after earthquake, displacement and veloaty of liquefaction materials are deduced on the principle of variation and the method of fluid mechanics. In order to check these formulae, take the example of the large ground displacements caused by Shibiyuan sandy loess seismic liquefaction which was triggered by 1920 Haiyuan earthquake(Ms=8.5),Ningxia Autonomous Region of Hui-Minority, China. The computed results quite agree with the evidences in field.
2002, 10(S1): 142-146,152.
In the long term practice of geosaences, from the stage of focusing on single technology to focusing on both technology and economics, now human-beings is entering into a new stage: the sustainable development of technology,economics, and environment. Meanwhile, there is a complete revolution: the theory has developed from "human-centered"into"human-earth synergetic". Besides, the method of research has developed into the systematical, non-linear,and informative level. Just as the famous geologist-Mr. Huang binwei pointed out, "geosciences is the base of sustainable development strategy, the,of which is to harmonize the relationship between human-beings and the nature".According to the inherent property of geohazard, the article begins with the analysis of geo-environmental evolution and developing process, and then explores not only the geo-environmeiztal conditions but also the human engineering activities(i. e. the environmental geological problem)in the"human-earth-society-economics"system. The aim is to builda new correct guiding ideology on geohazard(including its prevention and control),gradually to harmonize the inner dilemma in the"human-earth-society-economics"system and to promote the sustainable development of the population, the society~and the environment in China.
In the long term practice of geosaences, from the stage of focusing on single technology to focusing on both technology and economics, now human-beings is entering into a new stage: the sustainable development of technology,economics, and environment. Meanwhile, there is a complete revolution: the theory has developed from "human-centered"into"human-earth synergetic". Besides, the method of research has developed into the systematical, non-linear,and informative level. Just as the famous geologist-Mr. Huang binwei pointed out, "geosciences is the base of sustainable development strategy, the,of which is to harmonize the relationship between human-beings and the nature".According to the inherent property of geohazard, the article begins with the analysis of geo-environmental evolution and developing process, and then explores not only the geo-environmeiztal conditions but also the human engineering activities(i. e. the environmental geological problem)in the"human-earth-society-economics"system. The aim is to builda new correct guiding ideology on geohazard(including its prevention and control),gradually to harmonize the inner dilemma in the"human-earth-society-economics"system and to promote the sustainable development of the population, the society~and the environment in China.
2002, 10(S1): 147-152.
In this paper, earthquakes, ground cracks of tectonic origin, mud flows, thaw settlement, frozen hillock along the Qiuhai-Tibet railway and the vicinities are systemic summarized. The reasons the geologicalhazards are controlled by geological environment are analyzed.
In this paper, earthquakes, ground cracks of tectonic origin, mud flows, thaw settlement, frozen hillock along the Qiuhai-Tibet railway and the vicinities are systemic summarized. The reasons the geologicalhazards are controlled by geological environment are analyzed.
2002, 10(S1): 153-156.
Based on the study of the overlying strata engineering geological properties and structure types of shallow buried opal in Yu-Shen-Fu mine area of north Shaanxi province, with empirical formula and FEM, as well as GIS technology, the height of the water flowing fractured zone formed by the shallow buried coal mining in the studied area is predicted. The losing water area and environment-ecology effected by the coal mining is analyzed. This research result has a general significance to guide the coal resource exploitation in the arid-semiarid area of northwest China.
Based on the study of the overlying strata engineering geological properties and structure types of shallow buried opal in Yu-Shen-Fu mine area of north Shaanxi province, with empirical formula and FEM, as well as GIS technology, the height of the water flowing fractured zone formed by the shallow buried coal mining in the studied area is predicted. The losing water area and environment-ecology effected by the coal mining is analyzed. This research result has a general significance to guide the coal resource exploitation in the arid-semiarid area of northwest China.
2002, 10(S1): 157-160.
The main goal of the groundwater resources evaluation is to solve the problem that the right permissive mining yield of groundwater can be made decision under given groundwater quality. The calculated of permissive mining yield of groundwater should be defined in time before exploration, and from this directed exploration. The data obtained from exploration can corrects, discern, and.verify mathematical model of groundwater. Only if the mathematical model has been discerned and verified, can it be cased to simulate calculation.
The main goal of the groundwater resources evaluation is to solve the problem that the right permissive mining yield of groundwater can be made decision under given groundwater quality. The calculated of permissive mining yield of groundwater should be defined in time before exploration, and from this directed exploration. The data obtained from exploration can corrects, discern, and.verify mathematical model of groundwater. Only if the mathematical model has been discerned and verified, can it be cased to simulate calculation.
2002, 10(S1): 161-163,167.
The seepage of the reservoir is one of the key problems in hydroelectric project. A great deal of seepage could cause the reservoir water recharge may not up to the designed level and then influence the engineering effect. The osmosis from the seepage could cause the depravation and penetrating damage of the dam base, and influence the safety of the dam. Finite difference method is used to estimate the seepage of the reservoir, calculate the seepage volume, optimize the best blanket length and calculate hydraulic gradient of the dam base. Because the seepage volume.and the hydraulic gradient are very large, many measures such as blanket, loaded filter, etc. are suggested in the paper, to offer the referense for designing and decision.
The seepage of the reservoir is one of the key problems in hydroelectric project. A great deal of seepage could cause the reservoir water recharge may not up to the designed level and then influence the engineering effect. The osmosis from the seepage could cause the depravation and penetrating damage of the dam base, and influence the safety of the dam. Finite difference method is used to estimate the seepage of the reservoir, calculate the seepage volume, optimize the best blanket length and calculate hydraulic gradient of the dam base. Because the seepage volume.and the hydraulic gradient are very large, many measures such as blanket, loaded filter, etc. are suggested in the paper, to offer the referense for designing and decision.
2002, 10(S1): 164-167.
The geohazards are well developed in Xunchang town, Gongxian county, Sichuan. They are widely spread in many types such as avalanches, landslides, surface collage, surface fissures etc. They happen mainly in July and August, and cause large amount of lost. The reason of geohazard formation is the combination of special geological backgrounds, and human engineering-underground coal mining.
The geohazards are well developed in Xunchang town, Gongxian county, Sichuan. They are widely spread in many types such as avalanches, landslides, surface collage, surface fissures etc. They happen mainly in July and August, and cause large amount of lost. The reason of geohazard formation is the combination of special geological backgrounds, and human engineering-underground coal mining.
2002, 10(S1): 168-172,206.
Jiangjiagou is a debris flow gully in southwest mountain region, China. There is rich loosematerial in the ravine. Based on}the forming condition of the debris flow iavestigated in Jiangjiagou, the activing character and developing tendency of the debris flow are analysed in the paper.
Jiangjiagou is a debris flow gully in southwest mountain region, China. There is rich loosematerial in the ravine. Based on}the forming condition of the debris flow iavestigated in Jiangjiagou, the activing character and developing tendency of the debris flow are analysed in the paper.
2002, 10(S1): 173-176.
Dengchi gully located in the Baoxing county, Sichuan province. Several large mud rock flows occurred in history here. In this paper, according to the relevant achievements in scientific research domesfically and abroad, and the defail characteristics of Dengchi gully debris flow, The velocity of flow, the discharge and the punching power of the debris flow were analysed. The study has important actual significance on evaluating the influences of Dengchi gully debris flow to Baoxing hydroelectric power station.
Dengchi gully located in the Baoxing county, Sichuan province. Several large mud rock flows occurred in history here. In this paper, according to the relevant achievements in scientific research domesfically and abroad, and the defail characteristics of Dengchi gully debris flow, The velocity of flow, the discharge and the punching power of the debris flow were analysed. The study has important actual significance on evaluating the influences of Dengchi gully debris flow to Baoxing hydroelectric power station.
2002, 10(S1): 177-180.
In this paper, the fundamental concept, procedure of risk assessment and management is presented in brief. Then it is set forth that environment geology risk assessment and management may consist of the Geohaaards risk assessment, environment geological risk assessment for the exploiture of land resource, and the cost-benefit analysis on drainage basin deployment; returning land from farming to forestry, and water resource exploiture. And the general procedures of environment geological risk assessment supported by GIS are discussed.It is pointed out that during the environment geological risk management process, if the"acceptable risk degree", for the sake of immediate interests, is depressed without measure, the destination is doomed to high environment cost than the usual.
In this paper, the fundamental concept, procedure of risk assessment and management is presented in brief. Then it is set forth that environment geology risk assessment and management may consist of the Geohaaards risk assessment, environment geological risk assessment for the exploiture of land resource, and the cost-benefit analysis on drainage basin deployment; returning land from farming to forestry, and water resource exploiture. And the general procedures of environment geological risk assessment supported by GIS are discussed.It is pointed out that during the environment geological risk management process, if the"acceptable risk degree", for the sake of immediate interests, is depressed without measure, the destination is doomed to high environment cost than the usual.
2002, 10(S1): 181-185.
In this paper, the main environment geological problems in Chaidamu Basin and their harms to human life and economic activity are presented. The main problems are wind-erosion, wind-and-sand burry, land dissertation, underground water alteration, collpse, debris flow and ground subsidence.
In this paper, the main environment geological problems in Chaidamu Basin and their harms to human life and economic activity are presented. The main problems are wind-erosion, wind-and-sand burry, land dissertation, underground water alteration, collpse, debris flow and ground subsidence.
2002, 10(S1): 186-189,206.
In this thesis,the mechanism of piping is firstly studied by, lots of experiments and theoretic analysis.As a result, it is proved that piping and flowing are two different kinds of erosion effect. It is proposed how to discriminate between piping and flowing sand. Additionally, the formula of the critical seepage gradient is proposed.
In this thesis,the mechanism of piping is firstly studied by, lots of experiments and theoretic analysis.As a result, it is proved that piping and flowing are two different kinds of erosion effect. It is proposed how to discriminate between piping and flowing sand. Additionally, the formula of the critical seepage gradient is proposed.
2002, 10(S1): 190-194.
Soil desertification not only brings disaster and poverty to the people all of the world, but affects and limits economic development in western region of China. The paper first time explicated the interaction between natural factors and man-made factors during the process of soil desertification and the "Catalyst" action which caused by absurd economic activity during desertification's formation and evolution therrdiscussed genetic mech-anism of soil de}ertification in chaidamu basin area.
Soil desertification not only brings disaster and poverty to the people all of the world, but affects and limits economic development in western region of China. The paper first time explicated the interaction between natural factors and man-made factors during the process of soil desertification and the "Catalyst" action which caused by absurd economic activity during desertification's formation and evolution therrdiscussed genetic mech-anism of soil de}ertification in chaidamu basin area.
2002, 10(S1): 195-198.
On the basis of remote sensing imagery interpretation and field verification along Haizishan-zhuba-long zone of Sichuan-Tibet highway, the relationship between distribution of the main geological hazards such as landslides, collapses and mud flows and regional faults were analyzed, the tectonic background related to the great landslides was researched. Finally, the regularities of the geological hazards distribution were summarized.
On the basis of remote sensing imagery interpretation and field verification along Haizishan-zhuba-long zone of Sichuan-Tibet highway, the relationship between distribution of the main geological hazards such as landslides, collapses and mud flows and regional faults were analyzed, the tectonic background related to the great landslides was researched. Finally, the regularities of the geological hazards distribution were summarized.
2002, 10(S1): 199-201.
Landslide is one kind of conventional geologic hazard. It not only causes disaster directly, but also provides material for some kind of hazards such as mud stream and collapse which threat the safety of engieering equipment, life and wealth. On the basis of interpret analysis of remote sensing on landslide hazard, image characteristic of remote sensing on landslide hazard is described through engineering case. Dynamic analysis of landslide is carried out by remote sensing data of multiple source and phase.
Landslide is one kind of conventional geologic hazard. It not only causes disaster directly, but also provides material for some kind of hazards such as mud stream and collapse which threat the safety of engieering equipment, life and wealth. On the basis of interpret analysis of remote sensing on landslide hazard, image characteristic of remote sensing on landslide hazard is described through engineering case. Dynamic analysis of landslide is carried out by remote sensing data of multiple source and phase.
2002, 10(S1): 202-206.
It is of significance for railway engineering construction to understand the occurring, developing, disappearing rules of the special geological phenomenon in permafrost area and its harm to engineering structure.Based on the requirements of the engineering construction in permafrost area, the paper puts forward a classification of harmful geological phenomenon in the area.
It is of significance for railway engineering construction to understand the occurring, developing, disappearing rules of the special geological phenomenon in permafrost area and its harm to engineering structure.Based on the requirements of the engineering construction in permafrost area, the paper puts forward a classification of harmful geological phenomenon in the area.
2002, 10(S1): 207-209.
Ground fissures are divided into structure fissure and non-structure fissure by its origin type. Ground fissure is the biggest surfacical hazard in studied area, up to now, 5 ground fissures have been founded, all of them are active fissure and cause great damages to the construction there. The characteristics of the ground fissures are understand by field investigation,the origin is analysised, the precaution measures are discussed, It has paid attention by local peopie.
Ground fissures are divided into structure fissure and non-structure fissure by its origin type. Ground fissure is the biggest surfacical hazard in studied area, up to now, 5 ground fissures have been founded, all of them are active fissure and cause great damages to the construction there. The characteristics of the ground fissures are understand by field investigation,the origin is analysised, the precaution measures are discussed, It has paid attention by local peopie.
2002, 10(S1): 210-216.
The process of taphrogenic differential settlement can be regarded as limited system. The authors in this paper,based on dynamic characteristics of taphrogenic differential settlement in geological skilled works' school, Xi'an city, by means of two-dimension limited system theory, processes monitor data and forecasts life circle or life span of settlement.The paper analyzes the affect of taphrogenic differential settlement 45 years later, which come from forecast, on subway tunnel, simulates it which limited system theory incomputer, and make a conclusion of that taphrogenic differential settlement will break subway tunnel 45 years later. Therefore, we must adopt effective measure to limit exploitation of deep pressing groundwater, and strengthen the construction technology and materials of subway tunnel. Thus we can ensure subway move smoothly tomorrow. The paper furnishes the reference material for building subway and it's running.
The process of taphrogenic differential settlement can be regarded as limited system. The authors in this paper,based on dynamic characteristics of taphrogenic differential settlement in geological skilled works' school, Xi'an city, by means of two-dimension limited system theory, processes monitor data and forecasts life circle or life span of settlement.The paper analyzes the affect of taphrogenic differential settlement 45 years later, which come from forecast, on subway tunnel, simulates it which limited system theory incomputer, and make a conclusion of that taphrogenic differential settlement will break subway tunnel 45 years later. Therefore, we must adopt effective measure to limit exploitation of deep pressing groundwater, and strengthen the construction technology and materials of subway tunnel. Thus we can ensure subway move smoothly tomorrow. The paper furnishes the reference material for building subway and it's running.
2002, 10(S1): 217-220.
It is suggested that the main reasons resulted draught and breaking off Yellow River are seepage and evaporation through analysis of the difference between traditional reservoir and new type groundwater reservoir.A geological method to solve draught problems is proposed by building new type of groundwater reservoir in alti-piano river basin. This kind of reservoir can prevent water from seepage and reduce near 90 percent evaporation loss and make water resource circling on the spot. The utilization rate of water might be increased and flow equi-Librium can be maintained with this method. The only way to restore ecological environment and cure draught radically and keep permanent development in western is to make full use of limited water resource.
It is suggested that the main reasons resulted draught and breaking off Yellow River are seepage and evaporation through analysis of the difference between traditional reservoir and new type groundwater reservoir.A geological method to solve draught problems is proposed by building new type of groundwater reservoir in alti-piano river basin. This kind of reservoir can prevent water from seepage and reduce near 90 percent evaporation loss and make water resource circling on the spot. The utilization rate of water might be increased and flow equi-Librium can be maintained with this method. The only way to restore ecological environment and cure draught radically and keep permanent development in western is to make full use of limited water resource.
2002, 10(S1): 221-225.
The paper,based on the field investigation and survey, analyzes and discusses the features and formation of landslide and debris flow in Wenxian county, and put forward control plan and prevention measures to reduce the risk of these hazards.
The paper,based on the field investigation and survey, analyzes and discusses the features and formation of landslide and debris flow in Wenxian county, and put forward control plan and prevention measures to reduce the risk of these hazards.
2002, 10(S1): 226-228,247.
In this paper, according to the main function and specialty of 3S technology, we first introduced the integration and application of 3S technology, then established the model of geologic environmental quality evaluation with Chaidamu basin as a case. At last, we discussed a is technologic approach and method of geologic environmental quality evaluation based on 3S technology.
In this paper, according to the main function and specialty of 3S technology, we first introduced the integration and application of 3S technology, then established the model of geologic environmental quality evaluation with Chaidamu basin as a case. At last, we discussed a is technologic approach and method of geologic environmental quality evaluation based on 3S technology.
2002, 10(S1): 229-233.
The ground-fissures is a natural disaster all of the world, and Geographic Information System(GIS)is a new subject for dealing with space information. The paper offers preliminary conception on sensitivity evaluation of earth-fissures in Xi'an region based on GIS, and establishes basic analytical models.
The ground-fissures is a natural disaster all of the world, and Geographic Information System(GIS)is a new subject for dealing with space information. The paper offers preliminary conception on sensitivity evaluation of earth-fissures in Xi'an region based on GIS, and establishes basic analytical models.
2002, 10(S1): 234-238.
Based on the survey and classification of geological hazards in Lueyang county, south of Shaanxi Province,we discussed the different kinds and regional'distribution characteristic of geological disaster. The relationships between geological hazards and rieotectonic movement,topography and geomorphology, strata and rock character, underground water, precipitation and human engineering are studied.
Based on the survey and classification of geological hazards in Lueyang county, south of Shaanxi Province,we discussed the different kinds and regional'distribution characteristic of geological disaster. The relationships between geological hazards and rieotectonic movement,topography and geomorphology, strata and rock character, underground water, precipitation and human engineering are studied.
2002, 10(S1): 239-243.
Based on the investigation of hydrological geology, water resource and environmental geology in Chaidamu basin, this paper not only analyzed the polluting and salting of ground water and the causes, but also points out the distribution situation of polluting and salting and the environmental geology problems caused by it.The primary measures to tackle these problems are proposed, which provides a scientific foundation for policy-makers to explore and harness the resources of the basin in the future.
Based on the investigation of hydrological geology, water resource and environmental geology in Chaidamu basin, this paper not only analyzed the polluting and salting of ground water and the causes, but also points out the distribution situation of polluting and salting and the environmental geology problems caused by it.The primary measures to tackle these problems are proposed, which provides a scientific foundation for policy-makers to explore and harness the resources of the basin in the future.
2002, 10(S1): 244-247.
According to negative pressure meter and lysimeter observation data of groundwater balance test in Changji, Xinjiang, with the energy theory of soil water, the authors analyze water movement of aeration zone in the stage of frozen in the north foot of Tianshan mountain and phreatic water transform relation,and discusses the ecological effect of frozen stage.
According to negative pressure meter and lysimeter observation data of groundwater balance test in Changji, Xinjiang, with the energy theory of soil water, the authors analyze water movement of aeration zone in the stage of frozen in the north foot of Tianshan mountain and phreatic water transform relation,and discusses the ecological effect of frozen stage.
2002, 10(S1): 248-254.
The Kelamayi Oil Field has well-developed reservoirs and abundant oil and gas resource at Block 8 in the Keshang Formation. Based on the core and log data, the sedimentary.microfacies of group S4-S5 of Ke-shangare formation are fully studied according to log-facies analysis. Then the sedimentary microfacies distribution features are plotted and the distribution and evolving discipline are analyzed comprehensively. As a result, it formed a firm geological basis for reservoir description and geological model foundation.
The Kelamayi Oil Field has well-developed reservoirs and abundant oil and gas resource at Block 8 in the Keshang Formation. Based on the core and log data, the sedimentary.microfacies of group S4-S5 of Ke-shangare formation are fully studied according to log-facies analysis. Then the sedimentary microfacies distribution features are plotted and the distribution and evolving discipline are analyzed comprehensively. As a result, it formed a firm geological basis for reservoir description and geological model foundation.
2002, 10(S1): 255-257,266.
According to the direction and form of slopes' motion, this paper discusses the characters and difference of the slopes' deformation and destruction. It also discusses slopes' stability analysis methods, their deformation and destruction, This paper will be beneficial to enrich slope research theory and prevent slope disaster effectively.
According to the direction and form of slopes' motion, this paper discusses the characters and difference of the slopes' deformation and destruction. It also discusses slopes' stability analysis methods, their deformation and destruction, This paper will be beneficial to enrich slope research theory and prevent slope disaster effectively.
2002, 10(S1): 258-262.
Based on engineering cases, this paper analyses the geological characteristics of the two types of geological hazards:loess slumping and loess landslide, as well as their initial difference.The main research contents of loess slumping are emphasized.
Based on engineering cases, this paper analyses the geological characteristics of the two types of geological hazards:loess slumping and loess landslide, as well as their initial difference.The main research contents of loess slumping are emphasized.
2002, 10(S1): 263-266.
Controlled by line style and curvature, artificial high slope must be excavated in the old landslide. The influence by excavation may change the stability of old landslide. Numberical analysis method is used to study the stability of an old landslide in Jing-Zhu highway. Through comparison and analysis,the stability in the condition of excavation of the old landslide is studied. Different slope ratio of excavation is analysed.
Controlled by line style and curvature, artificial high slope must be excavated in the old landslide. The influence by excavation may change the stability of old landslide. Numberical analysis method is used to study the stability of an old landslide in Jing-Zhu highway. Through comparison and analysis,the stability in the condition of excavation of the old landslide is studied. Different slope ratio of excavation is analysed.
2002, 10(S1): 267-272.
Based on the comparison of experimental results between silica sands and soil samples taken from rapid landslide sites, by means of triaxial tests and ring shear tests, the mechanism of rapid landslides is analyzed,and a model for changing apparent friction coefficient during landslide motion is proposed. Substituting this model into the kinematic equation and continuity equation of landslide motion proposed by Sassa(1998),the calculus of finite difference procedure for prediction of landslide motion is extended. Through a case study on Sumikawa landslide, the argument of the prediction method is supported.
Based on the comparison of experimental results between silica sands and soil samples taken from rapid landslide sites, by means of triaxial tests and ring shear tests, the mechanism of rapid landslides is analyzed,and a model for changing apparent friction coefficient during landslide motion is proposed. Substituting this model into the kinematic equation and continuity equation of landslide motion proposed by Sassa(1998),the calculus of finite difference procedure for prediction of landslide motion is extended. Through a case study on Sumikawa landslide, the argument of the prediction method is supported.
2002, 10(S1): 273-278.
The ever increasing need of smoother flow of traffic in Japan is being met by constructing newer and wider wads as well as developing best possible road network. Many such roads need to pass across the hills and mountains that make nearly 75% of the country's land. When a tunnel is not feasible or possible, the option goes to cutting slopes to acquire the necessary space for the highways. Cutting natural slopes, however, results in a risk of slope failure. The instability of a cut slope might be caused by various factors but one prominent reason is stress release, which disturbs the balance of stresses along the potential lime of failure. This paper introduces some cases of cut slope failures in decomposed granite zones under the influence of clay veins, and discusses the causes of failures from mineralogical and geotechnical points of views. As a result of the laboratory tests, it was revealed that the clay veins consist of expansive clay minerals such as smectite, which up on stress release absorb more water and weaken the clay veins. This process then results in failure of the cut slopes along the veins.
The ever increasing need of smoother flow of traffic in Japan is being met by constructing newer and wider wads as well as developing best possible road network. Many such roads need to pass across the hills and mountains that make nearly 75% of the country's land. When a tunnel is not feasible or possible, the option goes to cutting slopes to acquire the necessary space for the highways. Cutting natural slopes, however, results in a risk of slope failure. The instability of a cut slope might be caused by various factors but one prominent reason is stress release, which disturbs the balance of stresses along the potential lime of failure. This paper introduces some cases of cut slope failures in decomposed granite zones under the influence of clay veins, and discusses the causes of failures from mineralogical and geotechnical points of views. As a result of the laboratory tests, it was revealed that the clay veins consist of expansive clay minerals such as smectite, which up on stress release absorb more water and weaken the clay veins. This process then results in failure of the cut slopes along the veins.
2002, 10(S1): 279-283.
Loess is not a homogenised material. Because of it's interrupting of sediment, changing of environment and acting of various physical and chemical factors, loess has been formed a layered structure-between tomposed of loess, soil, and puppet. This layered structure plays a very important role in the stability of high loess slope. Based on the research of high loess slope in Tong-Huang First Level High Way, the author studied the relation between layered structure and it's stability. of the high loess slope also, based on the test of the properties of each layers, stability of the slope is evaluated and simulated with Finite Element Method.
Loess is not a homogenised material. Because of it's interrupting of sediment, changing of environment and acting of various physical and chemical factors, loess has been formed a layered structure-between tomposed of loess, soil, and puppet. This layered structure plays a very important role in the stability of high loess slope. Based on the research of high loess slope in Tong-Huang First Level High Way, the author studied the relation between layered structure and it's stability. of the high loess slope also, based on the test of the properties of each layers, stability of the slope is evaluated and simulated with Finite Element Method.
2002, 10(S1): 284-287.
of several problems encountered in the process of landslide prevention design is discussed in detail,such as: stability evaluation, selection of parameters, determination of sliding plane location and calculation of thrust force. Combined with case study, effective solving methods to these problems are proposed in the paper.
of several problems encountered in the process of landslide prevention design is discussed in detail,such as: stability evaluation, selection of parameters, determination of sliding plane location and calculation of thrust force. Combined with case study, effective solving methods to these problems are proposed in the paper.
2002, 10(S1): 288-290.
The disposal measure for high rock slope is discussed in according to the slope's characteristic in this paper. Some new disposal technology is introduced, and protection of slope ecologic environment is emphasized.The idea of slope landscape design is brought forward.
The disposal measure for high rock slope is discussed in according to the slope's characteristic in this paper. Some new disposal technology is introduced, and protection of slope ecologic environment is emphasized.The idea of slope landscape design is brought forward.
2002, 10(S1): 291-295.
There are hearly 150 high loess slopes(height over 30 m)cutting in highway construction in the northwest of China. As effective engineering techniques have not been developed for design high loess slopes in harmony with the geotechnical environment,60 slope failures happened due to unsuitable design and subsequent heavy rains.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of a numerical finite element method for some findings common in the deformation and failure of high loess slope subjected to rainfall and earthquake conditions. According to the investigations on all failed slopes, the type of high loess slope failures is always slumping both landslide and collapse. The results for nonlinear-elastic and elatic-plastic numerical analysis of slope show that a developing pnxess of this slumping is as follows: the creep of slope body leads to the tensional cracks produced on the upper edge of slope, and to the sliding zone formed in the middle of lower slope and gradually expanded, at last to slope collapse. In addition, both the shear failure zone largely expanded by rainfall increasing and the shear stress greatly raised due to seismic force may quicken the loess slope failure.
There are hearly 150 high loess slopes(height over 30 m)cutting in highway construction in the northwest of China. As effective engineering techniques have not been developed for design high loess slopes in harmony with the geotechnical environment,60 slope failures happened due to unsuitable design and subsequent heavy rains.The purpose of this paper is to illustrate the application of a numerical finite element method for some findings common in the deformation and failure of high loess slope subjected to rainfall and earthquake conditions. According to the investigations on all failed slopes, the type of high loess slope failures is always slumping both landslide and collapse. The results for nonlinear-elastic and elatic-plastic numerical analysis of slope show that a developing pnxess of this slumping is as follows: the creep of slope body leads to the tensional cracks produced on the upper edge of slope, and to the sliding zone formed in the middle of lower slope and gradually expanded, at last to slope collapse. In addition, both the shear failure zone largely expanded by rainfall increasing and the shear stress greatly raised due to seismic force may quicken the loess slope failure.
2002, 10(S1): 296-299.
A simplified model of the state of landslide deformation is presented by analyzing the artifical neural network.The prediction of landslide deformation is discussed theoretically by applying the three-layer front feedback BP network,studying the discrete time and the virtual centre of landslide mass and using them as the input and output of BP network.
A simplified model of the state of landslide deformation is presented by analyzing the artifical neural network.The prediction of landslide deformation is discussed theoretically by applying the three-layer front feedback BP network,studying the discrete time and the virtual centre of landslide mass and using them as the input and output of BP network.
2002, 10(S1): 300-305.
In the underwater explosion, silt discharge, backfilling stones of Qingzhou Strait breakwater construction,the backfilling stones can't reach the designed depth. In this paper the properties of underlying soft soil are presented and it is found that the problem resulted from the effect of its structured strength. After that, the settlement and stablitiy of reakwater are evaluated and it is proved that the underlying soft soil fits to the requirement of bearing capacity.
In the underwater explosion, silt discharge, backfilling stones of Qingzhou Strait breakwater construction,the backfilling stones can't reach the designed depth. In this paper the properties of underlying soft soil are presented and it is found that the problem resulted from the effect of its structured strength. After that, the settlement and stablitiy of reakwater are evaluated and it is proved that the underlying soft soil fits to the requirement of bearing capacity.
2002, 10(S1): 306-308,312.
Xiatudiling landslide is an active slope. The stability of the landslide will be affected seriously after the Three-Gorges reservoir runs. According to the investigation information, the landslide is a ancient bedrock slope. The paper carries out stability analysis by residual thrust model. The results show that the stability factor will reduce largely and the landslide will be active. It is essential to adopt preventing measures to control the landslide.
Xiatudiling landslide is an active slope. The stability of the landslide will be affected seriously after the Three-Gorges reservoir runs. According to the investigation information, the landslide is a ancient bedrock slope. The paper carries out stability analysis by residual thrust model. The results show that the stability factor will reduce largely and the landslide will be active. It is essential to adopt preventing measures to control the landslide.
2002, 10(S1): 309-312.
This paper studies the stability of the landslide from K160+840 to K161+020 in the No.316 National Highway in detail, analyzes its plane characteristic and sectional structure characteristic, as well as the cause leading to the landslide. And the quantitative numerical analysis is also discussed by using residual thrust transferring method, as the resalt, the safety of factor is 1.053, it shows that the landslide is in a critical steady state.
This paper studies the stability of the landslide from K160+840 to K161+020 in the No.316 National Highway in detail, analyzes its plane characteristic and sectional structure characteristic, as well as the cause leading to the landslide. And the quantitative numerical analysis is also discussed by using residual thrust transferring method, as the resalt, the safety of factor is 1.053, it shows that the landslide is in a critical steady state.
2002, 10(S1): 313-316,325.
On the basis of investigation and tests, We considered that the main internal cause of the Nanlidu landslide formation is a result of the soft and hard interlayered rock formation and the development of separation fracture of Badong gn}up in Triassic.The road's construction changed the original equilibrium state of earth surface, A large amount of superficial water seeped into the slope, Which reduced the mechanical strength of highly decayed xrxk and slope soil, And finally formed the landslide. The deformations and failure modes of the landslide shows differences in its different parts.We gave demonstrations separately during our research and hoped that would be helpful while meet siamilar case.
On the basis of investigation and tests, We considered that the main internal cause of the Nanlidu landslide formation is a result of the soft and hard interlayered rock formation and the development of separation fracture of Badong gn}up in Triassic.The road's construction changed the original equilibrium state of earth surface, A large amount of superficial water seeped into the slope, Which reduced the mechanical strength of highly decayed xrxk and slope soil, And finally formed the landslide. The deformations and failure modes of the landslide shows differences in its different parts.We gave demonstrations separately during our research and hoped that would be helpful while meet siamilar case.
2002, 10(S1): 317-319.
Many landslide took place during rainstorm, but study on the mechanism of the landshde is not enough. In this paper, according to the commonly used limit equilibrium slice method for slope stability, the authors analyze the influence of the rainstorm to the stability of slope. And prevention and cure methods to control slope sliding during rainstorm are presented accordingly.
Many landslide took place during rainstorm, but study on the mechanism of the landshde is not enough. In this paper, according to the commonly used limit equilibrium slice method for slope stability, the authors analyze the influence of the rainstorm to the stability of slope. And prevention and cure methods to control slope sliding during rainstorm are presented accordingly.
2002, 10(S1): 320-325.
The engineering geological exploration and stability analysis of complex landslip system is an important basis of design and construction of landslip. The landslip of K160+084~K161+020 at national way 316 in Fujian province is a complex landslip,which composed of two main slip lines. It has both retrogressive and slamping purpose and develops two main slip surfaces and some secondary surfaces. The paper has suggested the content and important parts of engineering geological exploration of complex landslip.The factors of safety of the landslip is 1.025. The landslip is in critical stability and must be controlled early.
The engineering geological exploration and stability analysis of complex landslip system is an important basis of design and construction of landslip. The landslip of K160+084~K161+020 at national way 316 in Fujian province is a complex landslip,which composed of two main slip lines. It has both retrogressive and slamping purpose and develops two main slip surfaces and some secondary surfaces. The paper has suggested the content and important parts of engineering geological exploration of complex landslip.The factors of safety of the landslip is 1.025. The landslip is in critical stability and must be controlled early.
2002, 10(S1): 326-331.
Geologic conditions along China-Nepal Road are special, With its obvious deformation, large scale complicared, mechanism is, and serious endangerment of landslide. In this paper the distribution, type, endangerment characteristics of landslide along China-Nepal Road are summarized, the genesis of typical landslide are analyzed briefly.
Geologic conditions along China-Nepal Road are special, With its obvious deformation, large scale complicared, mechanism is, and serious endangerment of landslide. In this paper the distribution, type, endangerment characteristics of landslide along China-Nepal Road are summarized, the genesis of typical landslide are analyzed briefly.
2002, 10(S1): 332-335.
The flexible protection system is a kind of new, economic and safe system for slope protection. The theory and constitution of this system is briefly introduced in the paper and its application is discussed with the case work of the rock fall prevention in the west side of Lanshan slope.
The flexible protection system is a kind of new, economic and safe system for slope protection. The theory and constitution of this system is briefly introduced in the paper and its application is discussed with the case work of the rock fall prevention in the west side of Lanshan slope.
2002, 10(S1): 336-337,342.
The great landslides of high slope angle area in Ri-Yue gorge of Qing-Zang highway have taken place at Am.2 Jun. 14,2002,and traffic was cat off by this disaster. Through site exploration, It is concluded that this landslide resulting from unreasonable slope construction, Still in activity belongs to retrogressive landslide, and there are great possible to slide further.
The great landslides of high slope angle area in Ri-Yue gorge of Qing-Zang highway have taken place at Am.2 Jun. 14,2002,and traffic was cat off by this disaster. Through site exploration, It is concluded that this landslide resulting from unreasonable slope construction, Still in activity belongs to retrogressive landslide, and there are great possible to slide further.
2002, 10(S1): 338-342.
Based on the field investigation, this paper deals with the geological features and formation mechanism of a large-scale landslide in a hydro-electric power station',reservoir area in the upreach of Yellow River. The landslide developed in a double-decked slope composed of soft rockmass in its lower part and hard rockmass upper parto It is demonstrated that the evolution of slopes of this kind is always initiated by the compression of the lower soft rockmass, then leading to the tension fracture and toppling of the upper hard rockmass, and at last the landslide of creep sliding-tensile fracturing type would be along the shear stress concentration zone in the slope.
Based on the field investigation, this paper deals with the geological features and formation mechanism of a large-scale landslide in a hydro-electric power station',reservoir area in the upreach of Yellow River. The landslide developed in a double-decked slope composed of soft rockmass in its lower part and hard rockmass upper parto It is demonstrated that the evolution of slopes of this kind is always initiated by the compression of the lower soft rockmass, then leading to the tension fracture and toppling of the upper hard rockmass, and at last the landslide of creep sliding-tensile fracturing type would be along the shear stress concentration zone in the slope.
2002, 10(S1): 343-347.
The landslide located in reservoir head is about 400 m away from front of the dam. Its stability will influence the dam's normal operation directly. Based on the engineering geological characteristic and FEM numerical simulation, The paper analyze the formation mechanism and the stress field character of the landslide,and evaluate the landslide's stability in various conditions。The result indicates that the landslide may be in thestate of the activity while impound.
The landslide located in reservoir head is about 400 m away from front of the dam. Its stability will influence the dam's normal operation directly. Based on the engineering geological characteristic and FEM numerical simulation, The paper analyze the formation mechanism and the stress field character of the landslide,and evaluate the landslide's stability in various conditions。The result indicates that the landslide may be in thestate of the activity while impound.
2002, 10(S1): 348-353.
Based on the investigation of regional seismic activity, engineering geology conditions and rock masses loading boundaries, and on the physical and mechanic parameters tested indoor, this paper use three dimensional (3-D) numerical model to evaluate the stability of the slopes and afford suggestions to engineering construction in three cases (natural state, saturated state, saturated and shaking state.
Based on the investigation of regional seismic activity, engineering geology conditions and rock masses loading boundaries, and on the physical and mechanic parameters tested indoor, this paper use three dimensional (3-D) numerical model to evaluate the stability of the slopes and afford suggestions to engineering construction in three cases (natural state, saturated state, saturated and shaking state.
2002, 10(S1): 354-359.
The traditional concrete and stone structures, such as shotcrete and laying stones, are used as the major protection means for escarpment and slope over a long time. However, these traditional measures taking conCrete and stone as the major material are not always economical and effective, .especially difficult to adapt the increasing needs to environmental protection and afforestation. Based upon the introduction of the SNS (safety netting system) flexible protecting system mainly composed of wire rope nets and steel wire mesh, this paper makes a comparison between SNS and the traditional measures, demonstrates its comprehensive advantage intechnology, economics and environmental protection in the respects of its standardized design, rapid and simple construction, in favor of environmental protection, adaptation to the varied topography and so on.
The traditional concrete and stone structures, such as shotcrete and laying stones, are used as the major protection means for escarpment and slope over a long time. However, these traditional measures taking conCrete and stone as the major material are not always economical and effective, .especially difficult to adapt the increasing needs to environmental protection and afforestation. Based upon the introduction of the SNS (safety netting system) flexible protecting system mainly composed of wire rope nets and steel wire mesh, this paper makes a comparison between SNS and the traditional measures, demonstrates its comprehensive advantage intechnology, economics and environmental protection in the respects of its standardized design, rapid and simple construction, in favor of environmental protection, adaptation to the varied topography and so on.
2002, 10(S1): 360-363.
On the basis of analysis of forming conditions and affect factors of loess-slope, a decision-making established for the prevention and cure of loess-slope disasters in the northern area of Shaanxi. The system has an 'important significance in the prevention and cure of loess disasters accompanied with the western development and construction.
On the basis of analysis of forming conditions and affect factors of loess-slope, a decision-making established for the prevention and cure of loess-slope disasters in the northern area of Shaanxi. The system has an 'important significance in the prevention and cure of loess disasters accompanied with the western development and construction.
2002, 10(S1): 364-368.
On the basis of analyzing the geological developing environment, the characteristic arid the forming causes of slide in Danyang village, the stability calculation and evaluation are made. According to the stability e-valuation, after comparison of several measures, the method of anti-slide piles with dewatering are determined.The controlling design are made in accordance with the project requirement. After the project treating and in-spection, the plan has good effect of stabilizing and anti-slide.
On the basis of analyzing the geological developing environment, the characteristic arid the forming causes of slide in Danyang village, the stability calculation and evaluation are made. According to the stability e-valuation, after comparison of several measures, the method of anti-slide piles with dewatering are determined.The controlling design are made in accordance with the project requirement. After the project treating and in-spection, the plan has good effect of stabilizing and anti-slide.
2002, 10(S1): 369-372.
This paper discusses different contact problems in numerical analysis of landslides,especially intro-duces the methold of directly applied displacement boundary conditions, and using MARC to analysis a example with contact condictions or without contact condictions.
This paper discusses different contact problems in numerical analysis of landslides,especially intro-duces the methold of directly applied displacement boundary conditions, and using MARC to analysis a example with contact condictions or without contact condictions.
2002, 10(S1): 373-377.
According to the laboratory and field hydrogeology tests, the characteristics of seepage deformation of the special flimsy mountain is analysed, and the main object of study is the fault fracture zone. The possibility of seepage deformation failure of the flimsy mountain is discussed.
According to the laboratory and field hydrogeology tests, the characteristics of seepage deformation of the special flimsy mountain is analysed, and the main object of study is the fault fracture zone. The possibility of seepage deformation failure of the flimsy mountain is discussed.
2002, 10(S1): 378-381.
This paper takes the slope with soluble rocks and soft base as an example which lies in the south of the south abutment of the great Renyi River Bridge and analyzes the slope' s destruction types and its deforma-tion and destruction mechanism. It saggescs that the slope was destroyed by falling and there are three kinds of slope falling failure modes which are toppling(extroversion type),toppling-sliding(introversion type) and base toppling-sliding type and there are three kinds of deformation mechanism resulting in the different slope falling failure modes which are bending-fracturing ,bending-interlayer sliding and fracturing-sliding. This will be helpful to solve the engineering problem of the special slope.
This paper takes the slope with soluble rocks and soft base as an example which lies in the south of the south abutment of the great Renyi River Bridge and analyzes the slope' s destruction types and its deforma-tion and destruction mechanism. It saggescs that the slope was destroyed by falling and there are three kinds of slope falling failure modes which are toppling(extroversion type),toppling-sliding(introversion type) and base toppling-sliding type and there are three kinds of deformation mechanism resulting in the different slope falling failure modes which are bending-fracturing ,bending-interlayer sliding and fracturing-sliding. This will be helpful to solve the engineering problem of the special slope.
2002, 10(S1): 382-385.
Abstract characteritics of Shizishan landslid is intro-duced ,its genetic mechanism is analysed and the slope stability is evaluated by limit-equilibrum method and FEM. Optimum selection is applied to the measures for the prevention of slop failure.
Abstract characteritics of Shizishan landslid is intro-duced ,its genetic mechanism is analysed and the slope stability is evaluated by limit-equilibrum method and FEM. Optimum selection is applied to the measures for the prevention of slop failure.
2002, 10(S1): 386-390.
Monitoring of the slope lies on the degree of the engineer's predominating the medium of the nicks (soil),to which select the responding ways and measures. In this paper, we expound the application and the rational analysis of the displacement monifov in the slope engineer via inspecting the stabilising state of the east slope and the north cuniform geological body in the mill run factory, Dashan county of Dexing copper mine in Jiangxi.
Monitoring of the slope lies on the degree of the engineer's predominating the medium of the nicks (soil),to which select the responding ways and measures. In this paper, we expound the application and the rational analysis of the displacement monifov in the slope engineer via inspecting the stabilising state of the east slope and the north cuniform geological body in the mill run factory, Dashan county of Dexing copper mine in Jiangxi.
2002, 10(S1): 391-395.
To deal with the data of CAL files, SPSS and EXCEL software were used here. Some valuable conclusions and some risk index of collapses and landslides were obtained on the bases of the stability. The risk division was made,using the average disastrous area of collapses and landslides every 10 km along the Yangtz River ( from Chongqing to Wushan),at the same time this thesis calculated the risk index of collapses and landslides along the river.
To deal with the data of CAL files, SPSS and EXCEL software were used here. Some valuable conclusions and some risk index of collapses and landslides were obtained on the bases of the stability. The risk division was made,using the average disastrous area of collapses and landslides every 10 km along the Yangtz River ( from Chongqing to Wushan),at the same time this thesis calculated the risk index of collapses and landslides along the river.
2002, 10(S1): 396-404.
Up to now, there is no one mature and valid method to solve the problem about prediction of block collapse geological hazard during construction of tunnel in jointed and block rock masses. By gathering rapidly geological information exposed during excavation, the authors combined the discontinuities 3-D network com-puter simulation}with ShiGenhua's block theory, established a 3-D geological model of jointed and block rock masses, and developed a program of seeking unstable rock block. This method had been used to predict block collapse geological hazard in ShiBeilin tunnel successfully and obtained satisfactory results.
Up to now, there is no one mature and valid method to solve the problem about prediction of block collapse geological hazard during construction of tunnel in jointed and block rock masses. By gathering rapidly geological information exposed during excavation, the authors combined the discontinuities 3-D network com-puter simulation}with ShiGenhua's block theory, established a 3-D geological model of jointed and block rock masses, and developed a program of seeking unstable rock block. This method had been used to predict block collapse geological hazard in ShiBeilin tunnel successfully and obtained satisfactory results.
2002, 10(S1): 405-410.
The infinite block stability of rock mass surrounding a large underground excavation is studied in this paper through an actual case of a large powerstation in southwest. The study indicates that infinite block stabili-ty is very important for the stability of rock mass surrounding underground excavation. Blocks can be classified into infinite block and, finite block. Infinity block is regarded as stability at present. However, infinite block may lose its stability under some conditions and its instability may be a new failure form of rock mass surround-
ing underground excavation. Furthermore the boundary condition of infinite block instability is defined. Finally,the method to study infinite block is proposed and study trend of block stability is discussed.
The infinite block stability of rock mass surrounding a large underground excavation is studied in this paper through an actual case of a large powerstation in southwest. The study indicates that infinite block stabili-ty is very important for the stability of rock mass surrounding underground excavation. Blocks can be classified into infinite block and, finite block. Infinity block is regarded as stability at present. However, infinite block may lose its stability under some conditions and its instability may be a new failure form of rock mass surround-
ing underground excavation. Furthermore the boundary condition of infinite block instability is defined. Finally,the method to study infinite block is proposed and study trend of block stability is discussed.
2002, 10(S1): 411-415.
Compute modeling for 3D-fracture network of hock mass is an important application of modem computer technique in nxk mechanics. Field data of rock fractures gotten in holes or on outcrops only possess 1D or 2D distribution characters, and often contain sampling error.So many kinds of corrections must be made before the data being used to determine distribution parameters of 3D-fracture with stereology. The source data of 3D-fracture network are devel-oiled from distribution parameters of 3D-fracture with Monte Carlo Method, and the visual display of the network can
be implemented using Visual C++combined with Open GL technique. The up-to-date research of correction meth-ods for measuring data of hock fracture is reviewed in this paper, and the implementation of a 3D-fracture model for a practical project is displayed in order to illustrate the press of 3D-fracture network modeling.
Compute modeling for 3D-fracture network of hock mass is an important application of modem computer technique in nxk mechanics. Field data of rock fractures gotten in holes or on outcrops only possess 1D or 2D distribution characters, and often contain sampling error.So many kinds of corrections must be made before the data being used to determine distribution parameters of 3D-fracture with stereology. The source data of 3D-fracture network are devel-oiled from distribution parameters of 3D-fracture with Monte Carlo Method, and the visual display of the network can
be implemented using Visual C++combined with Open GL technique. The up-to-date research of correction meth-ods for measuring data of hock fracture is reviewed in this paper, and the implementation of a 3D-fracture model for a practical project is displayed in order to illustrate the press of 3D-fracture network modeling.
2002, 10(S1): 416-422.
Because of clay mineral has important effect on engineering behaviour of expansive soils,for this rea-son, the analysis of clay mineral composition has consistently ply great attention to expansive soils in home and abroad. On the basis of detailed discuss on the advance and present problems in the identification of clay mineral composition of expansive soils before end of last century, this paper presents the results of the 19 Samples quan-titative analysis on the clay mineral composition of expansive soils by new technique of quantitative analysis of XRD at the present. The samples of expensive soils collected from different region and formation type in China.The three prepared slides (normal, Heated and glycolated) of each Somple of the 19 treated Samples were X-rayed. Glycolation method can helps in the identification of the mixed layer type of clays with expandable layers,heating of the oriented clay samples to 550℃for two hours can helps in the identification of the kaolinite and smectite. The study result showed that major clay mineral in expansive clay mineral(S、I/S、K/S、C/S),especial I/S mixed-layer mineral than 80%in full clay mineral,id est expansive clay mineral content than 30%forwhole dry soil weight. Therefor,expansive clay mineral is control engineering properties of expansive soils.
Because of clay mineral has important effect on engineering behaviour of expansive soils,for this rea-son, the analysis of clay mineral composition has consistently ply great attention to expansive soils in home and abroad. On the basis of detailed discuss on the advance and present problems in the identification of clay mineral composition of expansive soils before end of last century, this paper presents the results of the 19 Samples quan-titative analysis on the clay mineral composition of expansive soils by new technique of quantitative analysis of XRD at the present. The samples of expensive soils collected from different region and formation type in China.The three prepared slides (normal, Heated and glycolated) of each Somple of the 19 treated Samples were X-rayed. Glycolation method can helps in the identification of the mixed layer type of clays with expandable layers,heating of the oriented clay samples to 550℃for two hours can helps in the identification of the kaolinite and smectite. The study result showed that major clay mineral in expansive clay mineral(S、I/S、K/S、C/S),especial I/S mixed-layer mineral than 80%in full clay mineral,id est expansive clay mineral content than 30%forwhole dry soil weight. Therefor,expansive clay mineral is control engineering properties of expansive soils.
2002, 10(S1): 423-426.
Unconsolidated soft soils and dredger which are newly deposited near the seashore and their properties are weak. The laboratory tests on some samples shows it is feasible to dredger hardened by adding, cement and lime. Triaxial-shear test, high-pressure consolidation test, direct-shear test and micro-penetrating test indicate that the best mixing ratio is 15 % for cement, and the more mixing ratio is, the higher strength for lime.
Unconsolidated soft soils and dredger which are newly deposited near the seashore and their properties are weak. The laboratory tests on some samples shows it is feasible to dredger hardened by adding, cement and lime. Triaxial-shear test, high-pressure consolidation test, direct-shear test and micro-penetrating test indicate that the best mixing ratio is 15 % for cement, and the more mixing ratio is, the higher strength for lime.
A STUDY OF RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN COLLAPSIBILITY OF LCOESS AND ITS FRACTAL CHARACTER OF PORE STRUCTURE
2002, 10(S1): 427-431.
On the basis of publicized data, the fractal chracter of pore structure in loess is studied, are also deter-mined fractal characteristic pore radius r2 and discussed relationship between fractal character values and collapsi-bility,results show that there are a good liner relatiouship between r2 and collapsibility, and fractal dimension D2 can reflected geological age of loess section.
On the basis of publicized data, the fractal chracter of pore structure in loess is studied, are also deter-mined fractal characteristic pore radius r2 and discussed relationship between fractal character values and collapsi-bility,results show that there are a good liner relatiouship between r2 and collapsibility, and fractal dimension D2 can reflected geological age of loess section.
2002, 10(S1): 432-435.
Expansive soil 'in Heishan area. is different from general clay. The lateral friction resistance is relative-1y large, while the end-bearing resistance is relatively small, when.putting vibro pipe in such soil. On the basis of collection of data from many dynamic exploration and dynamic test report on pile, the regionally empirical for-mutation showing the relation betwen dynamic exploration times and lateral friction resistance and end-bearing resistance of pile is obtained, pile foundtion propeity of such pile in expansive soil is also analyzing.
Expansive soil 'in Heishan area. is different from general clay. The lateral friction resistance is relative-1y large, while the end-bearing resistance is relatively small, when.putting vibro pipe in such soil. On the basis of collection of data from many dynamic exploration and dynamic test report on pile, the regionally empirical for-mutation showing the relation betwen dynamic exploration times and lateral friction resistance and end-bearing resistance of pile is obtained, pile foundtion propeity of such pile in expansive soil is also analyzing.
2002, 10(S1): 436-438.
Applying the principle of the artificial network computation, the paper establishes the relationship of 6 param-eters with the grade of surrounding rock stability and makes the classification of surrounding rock stability. The study shows that artificial neural network model is feasible and effective in classification of surrounding rock stability.
Applying the principle of the artificial network computation, the paper establishes the relationship of 6 param-eters with the grade of surrounding rock stability and makes the classification of surrounding rock stability. The study shows that artificial neural network model is feasible and effective in classification of surrounding rock stability.
2002, 10(S1): 439-442.
Aiming at status quo and existing problems on weathered and unloaded rockmass, the paper brings forth systemic research method on rockmass in incised river valley, which contains three steps, the first is re-search of background condition, the second is the usual law for weathering and unloading, and the last is engi-neering application-compartmentalizing different weathered and unloaded zones.
Aiming at status quo and existing problems on weathered and unloaded rockmass, the paper brings forth systemic research method on rockmass in incised river valley, which contains three steps, the first is re-search of background condition, the second is the usual law for weathering and unloading, and the last is engi-neering application-compartmentalizing different weathered and unloaded zones.
2002, 10(S1): 443-447.
In this paper, theoretical basis of Monte-Carlo simulation is introduced at first ,then the method and pxnce-dare of applying it to simulate the shear strength of jointed rock mass in a hydroelectric power station was analysed. The simulation results was checked against the shear strength parameters of other methods .The feasibility and reliability of using Monte Carlo simulation to obtain shear strength of jointed rock mass 'in a large area were also studied.
In this paper, theoretical basis of Monte-Carlo simulation is introduced at first ,then the method and pxnce-dare of applying it to simulate the shear strength of jointed rock mass in a hydroelectric power station was analysed. The simulation results was checked against the shear strength parameters of other methods .The feasibility and reliability of using Monte Carlo simulation to obtain shear strength of jointed rock mass 'in a large area were also studied.
2002, 10(S1): 448-452.
On the base of engineering geologic investigation to Storage side slope of three-gorges reservoir area, the con-cept of earth-rock mixed construction is advanced forn}ally, and according to it, we made unified engineering classification for natural geologic body, partitioning the geologic body for rock mass, earth-nxk mixed construction, earth mass. It is detail to earth-nxk mixed construction method of classification, determination of indicatrix, advantage and comparison with other methods. At last two are given.
On the base of engineering geologic investigation to Storage side slope of three-gorges reservoir area, the con-cept of earth-rock mixed construction is advanced forn}ally, and according to it, we made unified engineering classification for natural geologic body, partitioning the geologic body for rock mass, earth-nxk mixed construction, earth mass. It is detail to earth-nxk mixed construction method of classification, determination of indicatrix, advantage and comparison with other methods. At last two are given.
2002, 10(S1): 453-459.
Estimate of strength parameters of rock-soil-structure is a necessary work of numerical simulation and sta-bility calculation of pile foundation, excavation pit and slope with the retaining structure. In the paper formulae calcu-lating uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths of the retaining structure(pile) are derived from coordination condition of deformation., and formulae calculating cohesion and internal friction angle of rock, soil and the re-taming structure(pile) are derived from four combination conditions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional stresses with failure criterions of Mohr-Coulomb' inclined line and Mohr's parabola, finally deviation is dis-cussed. The study result has the important theoretical significance and the practical value of engineering.
Estimate of strength parameters of rock-soil-structure is a necessary work of numerical simulation and sta-bility calculation of pile foundation, excavation pit and slope with the retaining structure. In the paper formulae calcu-lating uniaxial tensile and compressive strengths of the retaining structure(pile) are derived from coordination condition of deformation., and formulae calculating cohesion and internal friction angle of rock, soil and the re-taming structure(pile) are derived from four combination conditions of two-dimensional and three-dimensional stresses with failure criterions of Mohr-Coulomb' inclined line and Mohr's parabola, finally deviation is dis-cussed. The study result has the important theoretical significance and the practical value of engineering.
2002, 10(S1): 460-463.
Microstructure and strength characteristic of Iss stabilized silty sand and sandy silty soil with low liquid limit are studied through chemical analysis, unconfined compression test and analysis using scanning electron microscopy.The research result shows that mixed with ISS the soil is easy to compact and density of it increases,therefore the strength of soil increase.Fibrous mineral can grow to fill the pore between soil grain when adding proper quantity of cement, accord-ingly the strength of stabilized soil and its ability of resistance to deformation increase conspicuously.
Microstructure and strength characteristic of Iss stabilized silty sand and sandy silty soil with low liquid limit are studied through chemical analysis, unconfined compression test and analysis using scanning electron microscopy.The research result shows that mixed with ISS the soil is easy to compact and density of it increases,therefore the strength of soil increase.Fibrous mineral can grow to fill the pore between soil grain when adding proper quantity of cement, accord-ingly the strength of stabilized soil and its ability of resistance to deformation increase conspicuously.
2002, 10(S1): 464-468.
From the geological condition in Karst collapse occurring, different collapsing force-fields,and present different superposition modes in different geological and hydrog}logy conditions,are analysed in the article .The superposition regularity and mathematical representation in the different superposition modes of multi-force-field in Karst collapse are also analysed and discussed in the article .The release coefficient of Karst collapse is also present in the article.
From the geological condition in Karst collapse occurring, different collapsing force-fields,and present different superposition modes in different geological and hydrog}logy conditions,are analysed in the article .The superposition regularity and mathematical representation in the different superposition modes of multi-force-field in Karst collapse are also analysed and discussed in the article .The release coefficient of Karst collapse is also present in the article.
2002, 10(S1): 469-472.
Summing up the research conditions at present, the Dynam-relaxed ring of underground engineering in rock mass is qualitatively discussed from its forming, mechanism., characteristics and influencing factors, the definition of dynam-relaxed ring and future research emphasis and direction are also put up.
Summing up the research conditions at present, the Dynam-relaxed ring of underground engineering in rock mass is qualitatively discussed from its forming, mechanism., characteristics and influencing factors, the definition of dynam-relaxed ring and future research emphasis and direction are also put up.
2002, 10(S1): 473-477.
According to a great deal of data from on-the-spot exploration, experiments, tests, the following problems are discussed in this paper: Structure characteristic of rock mass at dam site, elastic wave velocity char-acteristic of rock mass, classification of surrounding rock at dam site and deforination failure characteristic of rock mass, etc. Then, rock mass quality at dam site is evaluated quantitatively, and the mechanics parameters of rock mass with different quality class are suggested.
According to a great deal of data from on-the-spot exploration, experiments, tests, the following problems are discussed in this paper: Structure characteristic of rock mass at dam site, elastic wave velocity char-acteristic of rock mass, classification of surrounding rock at dam site and deforination failure characteristic of rock mass, etc. Then, rock mass quality at dam site is evaluated quantitatively, and the mechanics parameters of rock mass with different quality class are suggested.
2002, 10(S1): 478-481.
Permafrost area is of special geological and geographic environment. It forms a unique engineering ge-ological condition. The paper-discuses the distribution of permafrost along Qinghai-Tibet Railway and ex-pounds the effect of frost heaving, thaw-settlement and harmful permafrost engineering geological phenomenon which caused by interaction between human activity and natural environment to railway construction.
Permafrost area is of special geological and geographic environment. It forms a unique engineering ge-ological condition. The paper-discuses the distribution of permafrost along Qinghai-Tibet Railway and ex-pounds the effect of frost heaving, thaw-settlement and harmful permafrost engineering geological phenomenon which caused by interaction between human activity and natural environment to railway construction.
2002, 10(S1): 482-484.
Estimate and classfication which are based on MATLAB Neural Network to the potential of swelling soils are celerity and convenience, the result is very good, the same result with the expert are acquired by using this estimate and classification to analyze landslide the swell-shring grades of swelling soils the south in Shaanxi.
Estimate and classfication which are based on MATLAB Neural Network to the potential of swelling soils are celerity and convenience, the result is very good, the same result with the expert are acquired by using this estimate and classification to analyze landslide the swell-shring grades of swelling soils the south in Shaanxi.
2002, 10(S1): 485-488.
Through analysis of engineering geology property to China-Nepal hyghway Jiacuola mountain, it is Determined as high temperature permafrost. Thermal stability belong instability, and regulating principle,prop-er height of roadbed,comprehensive desigh were discussed.
Through analysis of engineering geology property to China-Nepal hyghway Jiacuola mountain, it is Determined as high temperature permafrost. Thermal stability belong instability, and regulating principle,prop-er height of roadbed,comprehensive desigh were discussed.
2002, 10(S1): 489-492.
The non self-weight collapsible loess in Anyang region belong to the forepart and recent sediment of Quaternary Holocene epoch. In this region, the collapsible loess have similar physical behavior but the mechanical property is significant different. After introduce the
traditional reinforcement method used for many years, this paper focus on the reinforcement mechanism of the cement fly-ash slag pile and the state of stress as well as the reinforcement effect of the compound foundation.
The non self-weight collapsible loess in Anyang region belong to the forepart and recent sediment of Quaternary Holocene epoch. In this region, the collapsible loess have similar physical behavior but the mechanical property is significant different. After introduce the
traditional reinforcement method used for many years, this paper focus on the reinforcement mechanism of the cement fly-ash slag pile and the state of stress as well as the reinforcement effect of the compound foundation.
2002, 10(S1): 493-496.
The conditions, such as the existence of collapsing losses, aeolian sand, seasonally frozen soil, and so on, make geotechnology become very complex in using water of the Yellow River to enlarge irrigation areas of Guyuan and Haiyuan counties through the sixth trunk dyke. So, in order to find out the engineering geological property of these special rock and soil, a large of spot and soil and extrapolated the existing problems of geology, and still brought forward corresponding treating measures of engineering.
The conditions, such as the existence of collapsing losses, aeolian sand, seasonally frozen soil, and so on, make geotechnology become very complex in using water of the Yellow River to enlarge irrigation areas of Guyuan and Haiyuan counties through the sixth trunk dyke. So, in order to find out the engineering geological property of these special rock and soil, a large of spot and soil and extrapolated the existing problems of geology, and still brought forward corresponding treating measures of engineering.
2002, 10(S1): 497-501.
Based on the field investigation and analyse of interior adit data of Daliushu high dam at Yellow-river Heishan gorge, five types of dyna-relaxing of rock mass are divided as following:the unloading, the topple,the down layers, the fault dominating and the joint and crevice dominating. Each type is summarized as one corresponding model,which can provide,scientific proofs for utilizing and ameliorating of the special rockmass.
Based on the field investigation and analyse of interior adit data of Daliushu high dam at Yellow-river Heishan gorge, five types of dyna-relaxing of rock mass are divided as following:the unloading, the topple,the down layers, the fault dominating and the joint and crevice dominating. Each type is summarized as one corresponding model,which can provide,scientific proofs for utilizing and ameliorating of the special rockmass.
2002, 10(S1): 502-519.
This paper presents the results of preliminary experiments related to behavior of model pile foundations, including pile group and piled raft, in a sand under seismic loading using a shaking table. The preliminary experiments consisted of shaking table tests on the model ground alone, and the pile. groups and the piled rafts installed in the model ground. Triaxial testing of the sand was also carried out. The test results suggest that the shaking table test is applicable to investigate the behavior of pile foundations under seismic loading, if an appropriate similitude rule is employed to interpret the shaking table test results.
This paper presents the results of preliminary experiments related to behavior of model pile foundations, including pile group and piled raft, in a sand under seismic loading using a shaking table. The preliminary experiments consisted of shaking table tests on the model ground alone, and the pile. groups and the piled rafts installed in the model ground. Triaxial testing of the sand was also carried out. The test results suggest that the shaking table test is applicable to investigate the behavior of pile foundations under seismic loading, if an appropriate similitude rule is employed to interpret the shaking table test results.
2002, 10(S1): 516-519.
Yuanliang Mountain tunnel, one of the longest and deepest buried tunnels in the world, is the stick-point of the planned railway from Chongqing city to Huaihua City in southwest China. It will span 11.068 kilometers and its maximal depth is 780 meters. The tunnel will traverse the Maoba syncline that mainly constructed by limestone. The Karst phenomena are well developed in the middle of the syncline. So there is the great possibility of dash-water during the period of the construction of the tunnel. A mosaic image consisting of three
scenes of ETM data was analyzed and interpreted for the Maoba syncline. The distributions of folds and}faults are analyzed using remote sensing ETM data. Based on this information, the mechanics characteristics of neotectonic movements of the faults and Maoba syncline in this area are identified.
Yuanliang Mountain tunnel, one of the longest and deepest buried tunnels in the world, is the stick-point of the planned railway from Chongqing city to Huaihua City in southwest China. It will span 11.068 kilometers and its maximal depth is 780 meters. The tunnel will traverse the Maoba syncline that mainly constructed by limestone. The Karst phenomena are well developed in the middle of the syncline. So there is the great possibility of dash-water during the period of the construction of the tunnel. A mosaic image consisting of three
scenes of ETM data was analyzed and interpreted for the Maoba syncline. The distributions of folds and}faults are analyzed using remote sensing ETM data. Based on this information, the mechanics characteristics of neotectonic movements of the faults and Maoba syncline in this area are identified.
2002, 10(S1): 520-515.
This paper presents a simplified approach for the deformation analysis of piled raft foundations using a hybrid model in which the flexible raft is modeled as a thin plate and the piles as elastic beams and the soil is treated as springs. This simplified method has been implemented in a computer program PRAB. PRAB is extended to take into account the influence of a finite soil depth in this research. Good agreement between the resuits calculated using PRAB and three-dimensional FEM are obtained for the analysis of a piled raft and a pile
group epile and mbedded in a homogeneous finite depth soil. From the analysis results, it is shown that deformation of a forces along a pile in the piled raft are smaller than those in the pile group. Although the emphasis of this paper is on linear elastic response, PRAB can easily be extended to include non-linear response.
This paper presents a simplified approach for the deformation analysis of piled raft foundations using a hybrid model in which the flexible raft is modeled as a thin plate and the piles as elastic beams and the soil is treated as springs. This simplified method has been implemented in a computer program PRAB. PRAB is extended to take into account the influence of a finite soil depth in this research. Good agreement between the resuits calculated using PRAB and three-dimensional FEM are obtained for the analysis of a piled raft and a pile
group epile and mbedded in a homogeneous finite depth soil. From the analysis results, it is shown that deformation of a forces along a pile in the piled raft are smaller than those in the pile group. Although the emphasis of this paper is on linear elastic response, PRAB can easily be extended to include non-linear response.
2002, 10(S1): 520-524.
By the geo-technique survey of Beipanjiang Highway Special Bridge, according to the rock-mass mechanical non-linear theories, based on the rock-mass discontinuities model, controlling discontinuities were made out of. More important.problems, such as the slope stability, karst geology, holding stratum & bedrock capability, were studied in bridge geo-technique survey for project designs.
By the geo-technique survey of Beipanjiang Highway Special Bridge, according to the rock-mass mechanical non-linear theories, based on the rock-mass discontinuities model, controlling discontinuities were made out of. More important.problems, such as the slope stability, karst geology, holding stratum & bedrock capability, were studied in bridge geo-technique survey for project designs.
2002, 10(S1): 525-529.
There are a few of examples about treatment of lique-factive fly-ash subsoil with vibroflotation method. Based on a actual project, seismic reaction and dynamic analysis of fly-ash subsoil which are treated with three kinds of interval of stone column are carried out, and some useful conclusions are get.
There are a few of examples about treatment of lique-factive fly-ash subsoil with vibroflotation method. Based on a actual project, seismic reaction and dynamic analysis of fly-ash subsoil which are treated with three kinds of interval of stone column are carried out, and some useful conclusions are get.
2002, 10(S1): 530-532,538.
The elastic wave velocity test of rock specimen is one of important tasks in the assessment of rock mass quality. It must make the most of information contained in the waves to understand the dynamic elasticity of the rock by the means to draw the ultrasonic wave propagation in the rock specimen, and seismic phase analysis is a powerful useful information in the waves. Based on the seismic phase analysis, the identification of seismic phase and the revise of its travel time are stressed in this paper. Applying the ultrasonic method, a good result is obtained in the quality assessment of the rock mass in a project.
The elastic wave velocity test of rock specimen is one of important tasks in the assessment of rock mass quality. It must make the most of information contained in the waves to understand the dynamic elasticity of the rock by the means to draw the ultrasonic wave propagation in the rock specimen, and seismic phase analysis is a powerful useful information in the waves. Based on the seismic phase analysis, the identification of seismic phase and the revise of its travel time are stressed in this paper. Applying the ultrasonic method, a good result is obtained in the quality assessment of the rock mass in a project.
2002, 10(S1): 533-538.
Through introducing research about mechanism of ground anchorages trans ferring load and reinforcement effect in detail, thispaper describes research actual state on theory of rock and soil, introduces application actual state of anchorage technology by types of bolts structure and anchorage machine and anchorage material and soil nailed wall, also indicates the existing question and developing direction in study.
Through introducing research about mechanism of ground anchorages trans ferring load and reinforcement effect in detail, thispaper describes research actual state on theory of rock and soil, introduces application actual state of anchorage technology by types of bolts structure and anchorage machine and anchorage material and soil nailed wall, also indicates the existing question and developing direction in study.
2002, 10(S1): 539-543.
Improving detection technique and level is the leading requirement of improving the hazard prevention effects of hydraulic engineering by applying new techniques and new methods. Take the seep disease prevention of one reservoir of Putian in Fujian for example, the seep position, burying depth and spatial distribution of the reservoir's dam were determined by electromagnetic wave absorbing CT detection technique,which. has provided the key basis for the stabilizing disposal of the seep hazard prevention of the dam and dam foundation, and a good effect has been got. It is a successful example of the application of the CT technique of electromagnetic wave in the hazard prevention of hydraulic engineering,which has provided experience and data accumulation for the further generalization and application of the CT technique of electromagnetic wave in engineering investigations.
Improving detection technique and level is the leading requirement of improving the hazard prevention effects of hydraulic engineering by applying new techniques and new methods. Take the seep disease prevention of one reservoir of Putian in Fujian for example, the seep position, burying depth and spatial distribution of the reservoir's dam were determined by electromagnetic wave absorbing CT detection technique,which. has provided the key basis for the stabilizing disposal of the seep hazard prevention of the dam and dam foundation, and a good effect has been got. It is a successful example of the application of the CT technique of electromagnetic wave in the hazard prevention of hydraulic engineering,which has provided experience and data accumulation for the further generalization and application of the CT technique of electromagnetic wave in engineering investigations.
2002, 10(S1): 544-548.
The theory and method and technique of two-dimensional ground electric image system is discussed by absorption of the essence and theory of traditional electrical resistivity method, application of the two dimensional standpoint and digital-analogy reconstruction technique.The advntage and feasibility of it on engineering and environmental geology investigation are illustrated by real case.
The theory and method and technique of two-dimensional ground electric image system is discussed by absorption of the essence and theory of traditional electrical resistivity method, application of the two dimensional standpoint and digital-analogy reconstruction technique.The advntage and feasibility of it on engineering and environmental geology investigation are illustrated by real case.
2002, 10(S1): 549-552.
The engineering charactristics of variegated colour sandy clay is special. This sandy clay has the properties of swelling, strong disintegration and corrosion. Rock mass wetheres rapidly after exavated, and as soon asthe fissure water leaked the surrounding rock loosens and softens .If the support method or measure of stabilization is not suitable the convergence of surrounding rock will last. That ,will lead to the failure of primary lining and affect the construction safety and progrersj. This article analyses the engineering charactristics and deformation mechinsm of variegated colour sandy clay be the example of trestment method'of the clay in' tunnel coustruction, and illestrates the construction technique of the variegated colour sand clay.
The engineering charactristics of variegated colour sandy clay is special. This sandy clay has the properties of swelling, strong disintegration and corrosion. Rock mass wetheres rapidly after exavated, and as soon asthe fissure water leaked the surrounding rock loosens and softens .If the support method or measure of stabilization is not suitable the convergence of surrounding rock will last. That ,will lead to the failure of primary lining and affect the construction safety and progrersj. This article analyses the engineering charactristics and deformation mechinsm of variegated colour sandy clay be the example of trestment method'of the clay in' tunnel coustruction, and illestrates the construction technique of the variegated colour sand clay.
2002, 10(S1): 553-557.
Jiuzai-Huanglong airport is characterized by high filling, high seismic intensity and high altitude. One important engineering problems of this project is the Deformation of high-filling foundation. Based on the study of various seismic analysis methods, carried out with Fast Lagrangian Analysis a research on the seismic Doformation of Yuanshanzi Gulley section is of Continua systemically, and obtaining some practical results.
Jiuzai-Huanglong airport is characterized by high filling, high seismic intensity and high altitude. One important engineering problems of this project is the Deformation of high-filling foundation. Based on the study of various seismic analysis methods, carried out with Fast Lagrangian Analysis a research on the seismic Doformation of Yuanshanzi Gulley section is of Continua systemically, and obtaining some practical results.
2002, 10(S1): 558-562,568.
By using the unified strength theory of Yu.Mao-hong and slip lines theory, the limited bearing capacity of the strip footing with antigravity and ponderability are considered. And also takes account of the effect of the intermediate principal stress to the strength of the shallow strip footing. A strip foundation is taken as an example, and the unified solutions of a series of slip lines are obtained.
By using the unified strength theory of Yu.Mao-hong and slip lines theory, the limited bearing capacity of the strip footing with antigravity and ponderability are considered. And also takes account of the effect of the intermediate principal stress to the strength of the shallow strip footing. A strip foundation is taken as an example, and the unified solutions of a series of slip lines are obtained.
2002, 10(S1): 563-568.
DDC pile is a new type of compaction pile, this paper exhibits a living example of soil improvement using lime-soil pile and DDC pile in a power plant. After analyzed and compared in compaction mechanism,compaction effects,bearing capacity and anti-deformation character of composite foundation, stability under soaking of composite foundation etc. furthermore, explores application and development of oompaction pile composite foundation.
DDC pile is a new type of compaction pile, this paper exhibits a living example of soil improvement using lime-soil pile and DDC pile in a power plant. After analyzed and compared in compaction mechanism,compaction effects,bearing capacity and anti-deformation character of composite foundation, stability under soaking of composite foundation etc. furthermore, explores application and development of oompaction pile composite foundation.
2002, 10(S1): 569-572.
The Widely seepage of surface water will bring about the rise of ground level in loess area, reducingthe collapsibility of loess and increasing the compressibility of loess, foundation soils wills changing to worse.Thus the wide range of saturated soft soil will be occured and formed unfavorable engineering conditions by man-made. The paper takes the seepage of Xingqing fake in Xi'an for example and discusses the unfavorable building foundation conditions of saturated soft loess around the lake to give some cautions.
The Widely seepage of surface water will bring about the rise of ground level in loess area, reducingthe collapsibility of loess and increasing the compressibility of loess, foundation soils wills changing to worse.Thus the wide range of saturated soft soil will be occured and formed unfavorable engineering conditions by man-made. The paper takes the seepage of Xingqing fake in Xi'an for example and discusses the unfavorable building foundation conditions of saturated soft loess around the lake to give some cautions.
2002, 10(S1): 573-576.
Because of the measuring errors, the soil parameters that are back analyzed by the measuring valuesare sometimes unreliable. This paper analyzes all sorts of the measuring errors in an embankment project, anddiscusses how to determine these errors. A minimum objective function including covariance matrix is derived by
the maximum likelihood method. The soil parameters can be back analyzed when the minimum objective function becomes the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm. By analyzing an embankment, the results considering the measuring errors of inclinometer are more reliable than those not considering the errors.
Because of the measuring errors, the soil parameters that are back analyzed by the measuring valuesare sometimes unreliable. This paper analyzes all sorts of the measuring errors in an embankment project, anddiscusses how to determine these errors. A minimum objective function including covariance matrix is derived by
the maximum likelihood method. The soil parameters can be back analyzed when the minimum objective function becomes the fitness function of Genetic Algorithm. By analyzing an embankment, the results considering the measuring errors of inclinometer are more reliable than those not considering the errors.
2002, 10(S1): 577-580.
For the property of macroscopic view, real time, high efficiency and low cost, remote Sensing technology has the superiority in the great west-development, especially in solving geological engineering problems at the beginning of big foundational construction. By image interpretation, field investigation and comprehensive analysis, people can find bad geological condition and special geological phenomena, then evaluate engineering geo-
logical condition and predict potential faults, and finally, bring forward more reasonable suggestion for engineering, select site and route, deliver reliable instruction and guidance for the design department.
Since 1980' ,The Remote Sensing Application Institute of ARSC had finished over 40 engineering projects,such as‘site selection through Wanjiazhai, a part of channel for getting water from yellow river to serve Tianjing,`site selection of water power plant over Yalongjiang river in Jinping, Sichuan',`Geological engineering evaluation about the site for the second Bridge across the Yangtz river in Nangjing',‘site selection for national highway of No.31(within Xinjfang),218,317,210,108(within Sichuan),312 ( within Shaanxi and Sichuan),212( within Sichuan and Chongqing), main line of national highway GZ25 from Dandong to lasa ( within Gansu and Qinghai),320 (within Yunnan and Guizhou),309(within Ningxia),the great west highway from Yinchuan to W uwei'.The paper concluded the technical requirement, methodology and the feature of using remote sens-
ing technology to solve engineering problems according to the experience in these years, and made a application prospect for remote sensing in the area.
For the property of macroscopic view, real time, high efficiency and low cost, remote Sensing technology has the superiority in the great west-development, especially in solving geological engineering problems at the beginning of big foundational construction. By image interpretation, field investigation and comprehensive analysis, people can find bad geological condition and special geological phenomena, then evaluate engineering geo-
logical condition and predict potential faults, and finally, bring forward more reasonable suggestion for engineering, select site and route, deliver reliable instruction and guidance for the design department.
Since 1980' ,The Remote Sensing Application Institute of ARSC had finished over 40 engineering projects,such as‘site selection through Wanjiazhai, a part of channel for getting water from yellow river to serve Tianjing,`site selection of water power plant over Yalongjiang river in Jinping, Sichuan',`Geological engineering evaluation about the site for the second Bridge across the Yangtz river in Nangjing',‘site selection for national highway of No.31(within Xinjfang),218,317,210,108(within Sichuan),312 ( within Shaanxi and Sichuan),212( within Sichuan and Chongqing), main line of national highway GZ25 from Dandong to lasa ( within Gansu and Qinghai),320 (within Yunnan and Guizhou),309(within Ningxia),the great west highway from Yinchuan to W uwei'.The paper concluded the technical requirement, methodology and the feature of using remote sens-
ing technology to solve engineering problems according to the experience in these years, and made a application prospect for remote sensing in the area.
2002, 10(S1): 581-585.
The thesis advance a action thinking and matters needing attention during site selection in planning in power generation, substation, transmission line projects through commentary about common geological geomor-features, environgeologic condition and especial foundation problem in the Northwest.
The thesis advance a action thinking and matters needing attention during site selection in planning in power generation, substation, transmission line projects through commentary about common geological geomor-features, environgeologic condition and especial foundation problem in the Northwest.
2002, 10(S1): 586-591.
The project of "Gas Transportation From west to East" is a main important project in china, The way that pipeline goes within the Zhong wei county is the south of Teng Ge desert, Weining irrigable area and some of mountain-ous area,where have complex geology condition and weak ecological setting. Based on the information got from geotechnical survey, this paper puts forward a close analysis,
and values it by some related specifications.
The project of "Gas Transportation From west to East" is a main important project in china, The way that pipeline goes within the Zhong wei county is the south of Teng Ge desert, Weining irrigable area and some of mountain-ous area,where have complex geology condition and weak ecological setting. Based on the information got from geotechnical survey, this paper puts forward a close analysis,
and values it by some related specifications.
2002, 10(S1): 592-594.
Based on the explication the function,body system and operation of the engineering geology monitor in the constrution,discussed the importance and essentiality of the engineering geology monitor.
Based on the explication the function,body system and operation of the engineering geology monitor in the constrution,discussed the importance and essentiality of the engineering geology monitor.
2002, 10(S1): 595-600.
Unfavorable geologic body such as loess pitfall,artifical cavity and waste area have wide development and distribution along the highway in the west of Gansu province, Which has heavy influence on construction of highway,safety of operation,scale of engineeing construction and efficiency of investment. The underlying cavity and waste area have the characteristics of diversification of type, strong dormant character, irrgularity of spatial distribution, unpredicta bility of inbreak and breakdown. In order to improve the precision accuracy of explo-
ration, the exploration should insist in the principle of dynamic probe at many stages and comprehesive application of many means to detect and decrease the latent harm progressively. The curing measure of waste area and cavity should in accordance with the factors such as their relation with the spatial location of highway,scale and dimension, stability, state filling situation comparison of technology and surrounding, finally determine after comprehensive and economy. The new technology, method and technique should probe and apply actively.
Unfavorable geologic body such as loess pitfall,artifical cavity and waste area have wide development and distribution along the highway in the west of Gansu province, Which has heavy influence on construction of highway,safety of operation,scale of engineeing construction and efficiency of investment. The underlying cavity and waste area have the characteristics of diversification of type, strong dormant character, irrgularity of spatial distribution, unpredicta bility of inbreak and breakdown. In order to improve the precision accuracy of explo-
ration, the exploration should insist in the principle of dynamic probe at many stages and comprehesive application of many means to detect and decrease the latent harm progressively. The curing measure of waste area and cavity should in accordance with the factors such as their relation with the spatial location of highway,scale and dimension, stability, state filling situation comparison of technology and surrounding, finally determine after comprehensive and economy. The new technology, method and technique should probe and apply actively.
2002, 10(S1): 601-606.
This text puts forward 'some worthy studying problems by analyzing synthetically different kinds of examination method and their results of the tamper treatment to water-ollapsible loess ground.
This text puts forward 'some worthy studying problems by analyzing synthetically different kinds of examination method and their results of the tamper treatment to water-ollapsible loess ground.
2002, 10(S1): 607-610.
This article completely analyses the leakage reasons of the deep excavation engineering, the technique measures have been put forward to prevent leakage in the paper, and several applied
techniques of preventing leakage to the deep excavation engineering have been introduced on the basis of engineering examples.
This article completely analyses the leakage reasons of the deep excavation engineering, the technique measures have been put forward to prevent leakage in the paper, and several applied
techniques of preventing leakage to the deep excavation engineering have been introduced on the basis of engineering examples.
2002, 10(S1): 611-616.
The geotechnical centrifugal model test was utilized to study the revetment design for the bank of river. Through this test, the working status of retaining wall was fpund during building-up period, usage period and suddenly reducing water-level period. These geotechnical questions, such as the changing law of earth-pressure and hydraulic pressure which act on the retaining wall-back, the settlement of foundation, the deformation and the whole stability of wall under different scheme and working mode, etc. were also analyzed. Synthesizing all all relevant factors, it is feasible to make the design scheme optimum and most economic.
The geotechnical centrifugal model test was utilized to study the revetment design for the bank of river. Through this test, the working status of retaining wall was fpund during building-up period, usage period and suddenly reducing water-level period. These geotechnical questions, such as the changing law of earth-pressure and hydraulic pressure which act on the retaining wall-back, the settlement of foundation, the deformation and the whole stability of wall under different scheme and working mode, etc. were also analyzed. Synthesizing all all relevant factors, it is feasible to make the design scheme optimum and most economic.
2002, 10(S1): 617-620.
This paper is a briefness introduction of the monograph, "Urban Engineering Geology for the Rock and Soil Foundation" which we finished recently .the study of urban erigineering,geology for the rock and soil foundation is the crystallization of synthesis, comprehensive and sublimation of many subjects(i. e.,engineering geology, geotechnical engineering, science of engineering rock and soil, environmental engineering, etc.)in the urban tract. Theoretical system of urban engineering geology for the rock and soil foundation is analysed, the contents of the study of urban engineering geology for the rock and soil foundation are studied, the basic methods
of urban engineering ,geology for the rock and soil foundation are also discussed in this thesis.
This paper is a briefness introduction of the monograph, "Urban Engineering Geology for the Rock and Soil Foundation" which we finished recently .the study of urban erigineering,geology for the rock and soil foundation is the crystallization of synthesis, comprehensive and sublimation of many subjects(i. e.,engineering geology, geotechnical engineering, science of engineering rock and soil, environmental engineering, etc.)in the urban tract. Theoretical system of urban engineering geology for the rock and soil foundation is analysed, the contents of the study of urban engineering geology for the rock and soil foundation are studied, the basic methods
of urban engineering ,geology for the rock and soil foundation are also discussed in this thesis.
2002, 10(S1): 621-624.
Since leakage of reservoir cause a lots of troubles, quantity of leakage are always decided how much money will use to build the reservoir,some times even decide whether or not build the reservoiro In this paper,the complexion of leakage of reservoir on planing in northwest are analyzed,and its quantity of leakage are calcu latedo These must will guide how to build the reservoir in the future.
Since leakage of reservoir cause a lots of troubles, quantity of leakage are always decided how much money will use to build the reservoir,some times even decide whether or not build the reservoiro In this paper,the complexion of leakage of reservoir on planing in northwest are analyzed,and its quantity of leakage are calcu latedo These must will guide how to build the reservoir in the future.
2002, 10(S1): 625-628,632.
An embankment is analyzed by FEM program applying elastic coupling Biot theory, and some factors affecting settlement patterns of embankments are discussed bankments are summarized.
An embankment is analyzed by FEM program applying elastic coupling Biot theory, and some factors affecting settlement patterns of embankments are discussed bankments are summarized.
2002, 10(S1): 629-632.
One Tunnel is the stick point of the planned railway from Chongqing city to Huaihua city. It will traverse the Guanyinxia anticline. Based on monitoring data about groundwater line and groundwater quality and the analysis of hydro-geological conditions in the Tunnel, The paper discusses the groundwater dynamic characteristic and its controlling processes and the hydrodynamic conditions of the Karst water flowing system at Guanyinxia anticline. Furthermore, the influence of Tunnel drainage for the groundwater following system was also estimated. It will be advantage for the further hydro-geological research in this ares.
One Tunnel is the stick point of the planned railway from Chongqing city to Huaihua city. It will traverse the Guanyinxia anticline. Based on monitoring data about groundwater line and groundwater quality and the analysis of hydro-geological conditions in the Tunnel, The paper discusses the groundwater dynamic characteristic and its controlling processes and the hydrodynamic conditions of the Karst water flowing system at Guanyinxia anticline. Furthermore, the influence of Tunnel drainage for the groundwater following system was also estimated. It will be advantage for the further hydro-geological research in this ares.
2002, 10(S1): 633-636,671.
Through engineering case, after grout injection technique and its result check for improvement on bearing capacity of concrete bored pile are introduced. The theory and practice of inspection on the pile adopting sonic transmissing-beam method through grout pipe are also advanced. The problems worth attention. of inspection on concrete filling pile after grout injection.
Through engineering case, after grout injection technique and its result check for improvement on bearing capacity of concrete bored pile are introduced. The theory and practice of inspection on the pile adopting sonic transmissing-beam method through grout pipe are also advanced. The problems worth attention. of inspection on concrete filling pile after grout injection.
2002, 10(S1): 637-642.
Through the test of pile load in the loess area,the paper has studied the relativities between the stan-dard result of the single pile bearing, capacity and the ending load of the static-press pile. Meanwhile, researched the relation of the pile tip load when it settled Smm and the standard result of the single pile bearing ca-pacity by exploration and the ending load of the static-press pile .Based on above studies,the paper has evaluated and confirmed the single pile bearing capacity.
Through the test of pile load in the loess area,the paper has studied the relativities between the stan-dard result of the single pile bearing, capacity and the ending load of the static-press pile. Meanwhile, researched the relation of the pile tip load when it settled Smm and the standard result of the single pile bearing ca-pacity by exploration and the ending load of the static-press pile .Based on above studies,the paper has evaluated and confirmed the single pile bearing capacity.
2002, 10(S1): 643-646.
It is a safety and reliable step that the main buildings&constructions of large-engineering adopt pile-foundation in the engineering-geology condition as follow: the upper part consist of massive-fill, the lower part consist of soft clay, groundwater and seawater communicate with each other. In some power plant in Shenzhen city, making lead-holes in the massive-fill using dive-hole hammer, and return filling gravel into the lead-holes,then driving H-pile, using this work process obtained so that result in ground-treatment; and adopting dynamic
compaction for ground is economical and feasible step, it is proved by the test that 3 500 kN穖 compacting-energy is easy for construction and suitable for ground bearing capacity of general buildings & constructions.
It is a safety and reliable step that the main buildings&constructions of large-engineering adopt pile-foundation in the engineering-geology condition as follow: the upper part consist of massive-fill, the lower part consist of soft clay, groundwater and seawater communicate with each other. In some power plant in Shenzhen city, making lead-holes in the massive-fill using dive-hole hammer, and return filling gravel into the lead-holes,then driving H-pile, using this work process obtained so that result in ground-treatment; and adopting dynamic
compaction for ground is economical and feasible step, it is proved by the test that 3 500 kN穖 compacting-energy is easy for construction and suitable for ground bearing capacity of general buildings & constructions.
2002, 10(S1): 647-651.
Base on the testing resulting of single pile vertical compressive static loading experiment and high strain dynamic test of three big-diameter bore perfusion pile in a project of Xi' ning area, The relatively consistent results have been obtained by means of analysis and research in some suitable conditions. But the results have respective characters because of different testing principle and analyzing methods. It proves that comparison between dynamic test and static test in the same project can be provable and complementary to each other. The two test results show the special nature of bearing capacity and destructive mechanism of medium-long diameter bore perfusion piles in mud-rock base, Which will offers constructive suggestion on design,construction and deeper research as well as great reality significance for Great West Development.
Base on the testing resulting of single pile vertical compressive static loading experiment and high strain dynamic test of three big-diameter bore perfusion pile in a project of Xi' ning area, The relatively consistent results have been obtained by means of analysis and research in some suitable conditions. But the results have respective characters because of different testing principle and analyzing methods. It proves that comparison between dynamic test and static test in the same project can be provable and complementary to each other. The two test results show the special nature of bearing capacity and destructive mechanism of medium-long diameter bore perfusion piles in mud-rock base, Which will offers constructive suggestion on design,construction and deeper research as well as great reality significance for Great West Development.
2002, 10(S1): 652-654.
This paper analyses the engineering character of filling soil, foundation stability and crack caused reason through the engineering example of thick seam filling soil to foundation crack of tlie residential building, and brings forward the engineering treatment measures of protective hoop as ainly.
This paper analyses the engineering character of filling soil, foundation stability and crack caused reason through the engineering example of thick seam filling soil to foundation crack of tlie residential building, and brings forward the engineering treatment measures of protective hoop as ainly.
2002, 10(S1): 655-660.
The paper demonstrates that multiple compound can use different pole materials, different construction methods and make full use of bearing capacity of ground soil in order to eliminate ground liquefaction as well as meet requirements of bearing capacity of ground. Through cost of comparing, prove that multiple compound is a handling method of ground which whose construction method is easy, cost is comparatively economical and deserves being spread. The technology of composite foundation using CFG stake is adopted in improving the bearing strength for soft subsoil. And in this paper,the principle of multiple compound, the characteristics of CFG stake&two ash pile reinforcing soft subsoil and practice data are analyzed. According to the inspection of the engineering effect, the disposition method of composite foundation using CFG stake&two ash pile can achieve the design requirements.This method is economic in cutting down the engineering cost and has better economic and society benefit.
The paper demonstrates that multiple compound can use different pole materials, different construction methods and make full use of bearing capacity of ground soil in order to eliminate ground liquefaction as well as meet requirements of bearing capacity of ground. Through cost of comparing, prove that multiple compound is a handling method of ground which whose construction method is easy, cost is comparatively economical and deserves being spread. The technology of composite foundation using CFG stake is adopted in improving the bearing strength for soft subsoil. And in this paper,the principle of multiple compound, the characteristics of CFG stake&two ash pile reinforcing soft subsoil and practice data are analyzed. According to the inspection of the engineering effect, the disposition method of composite foundation using CFG stake&two ash pile can achieve the design requirements.This method is economic in cutting down the engineering cost and has better economic and society benefit.
2002, 10(S1): 661-664.
The ground improvement project in a residential quarter, Beijing is instanced in this paper. The design plan and the construction technology and the results of test in application of dynamic The practice shows that dynamic consolidation to improve large area of the ground covered by fill are explained.The practice shows that dynamic consolidation is feasible and effective in the improvement of the ground.
The ground improvement project in a residential quarter, Beijing is instanced in this paper. The design plan and the construction technology and the results of test in application of dynamic The practice shows that dynamic consolidation to improve large area of the ground covered by fill are explained.The practice shows that dynamic consolidation is feasible and effective in the improvement of the ground.
2002, 10(S1): 665-667.
This paper mainly discusses the successful use of the Deep Dry Jet Mixing Pile in the residential buildings' soil improvement of Yulin Hotel.It presents the new thoughts and calculation method of distributing piles in single row or double rows under strip foundation in aspects of design construction technology,test and technological economy.
This paper mainly discusses the successful use of the Deep Dry Jet Mixing Pile in the residential buildings' soil improvement of Yulin Hotel.It presents the new thoughts and calculation method of distributing piles in single row or double rows under strip foundation in aspects of design construction technology,test and technological economy.
2002, 10(S1): 668-671.
The paper summarizes three monitoring methods of high filled road bed in soft soil areas, that is the displacement rate method provided by.the norm, the method of radio of the maxim horizon displacement and the settlement of the center of the road bed, and the regression formula method used in Japan. By analyzing an example, we think radio method is worthy of recommending.
The paper summarizes three monitoring methods of high filled road bed in soft soil areas, that is the displacement rate method provided by.the norm, the method of radio of the maxim horizon displacement and the settlement of the center of the road bed, and the regression formula method used in Japan. By analyzing an example, we think radio method is worthy of recommending.
2002, 10(S1): 672-676.
The paper systemically probe into some basic technical problems of, construction monitor and information control of depth foundation pit engineering. Based on above and combined with the example of the north anchor foundation pit engineering of Runyang highway bridge in the Yangtze River, it set forth in detail how to actualize construction monitor of pit engineering and how to develop information control used monitoring data. It has directive significance for some similar engineering to implement information construction.
The paper systemically probe into some basic technical problems of, construction monitor and information control of depth foundation pit engineering. Based on above and combined with the example of the north anchor foundation pit engineering of Runyang highway bridge in the Yangtze River, it set forth in detail how to actualize construction monitor of pit engineering and how to develop information control used monitoring data. It has directive significance for some similar engineering to implement information construction.
2002, 10(S1): 677-681.
With practical examples, some main influential factors are analysed on pile testing with reflection wave,some suggestions are also given to improve them.
With practical examples, some main influential factors are analysed on pile testing with reflection wave,some suggestions are also given to improve them.
2002, 10(S1): 682-689.
Using Jing river large traverse along Jing-Xian oil pipeline'engineering as actual instance, collection of data,analysis method of exploration, adoption of formula and calculation pure of geotechnical engineering exploration of large traverse and engineering hydrology are introduced detailledly., Reasonable lay down schema and comprehensive prevention measure are also presented. All of this become example for exploration and design of traverse engineering.
Using Jing river large traverse along Jing-Xian oil pipeline'engineering as actual instance, collection of data,analysis method of exploration, adoption of formula and calculation pure of geotechnical engineering exploration of large traverse and engineering hydrology are introduced detailledly., Reasonable lay down schema and comprehensive prevention measure are also presented. All of this become example for exploration and design of traverse engineering.
2002, 10(S1): 690-692.
At establish according to GIS engineering geology information is in the system's process, the establishing and use of data dictionary is an important step, this paper that the method and technique of the administration system of data dictionary realization are discussed; the tools for space data dictionary administration based on the database technique are developed, and it at actual application inside obtained the Good result.
At establish according to GIS engineering geology information is in the system's process, the establishing and use of data dictionary is an important step, this paper that the method and technique of the administration system of data dictionary realization are discussed; the tools for space data dictionary administration based on the database technique are developed, and it at actual application inside obtained the Good result.
2002, 10(S1): 693-695.
The soil permeability is the property if water seapage in the soil, the research of which is the key to resolve problem of seapage proof for man-made lake .Though the in-site tests on peameabity of natural soil, disposed soil by deap compaction,the man-made compactected density lime soil .sement soil and plane soil the beter soil and parameter to protect seapage have been obtained .That provide the bases for seapage-proof disposal for the bottom of man-made lake.
The soil permeability is the property if water seapage in the soil, the research of which is the key to resolve problem of seapage proof for man-made lake .Though the in-site tests on peameabity of natural soil, disposed soil by deap compaction,the man-made compactected density lime soil .sement soil and plane soil the beter soil and parameter to protect seapage have been obtained .That provide the bases for seapage-proof disposal for the bottom of man-made lake.
2002, 10(S1): 696-700.
Based on the classification knowledge of surrounding rock in the specification of tunnel design, a computer specification-based program SUROC is developed to evaluate quality of surrounding rock mass in the tunnel using the technique of expert system. It's application in practice shows the program can be used to classify rapidly and effectively for rock mass in tunnels.
Based on the classification knowledge of surrounding rock in the specification of tunnel design, a computer specification-based program SUROC is developed to evaluate quality of surrounding rock mass in the tunnel using the technique of expert system. It's application in practice shows the program can be used to classify rapidly and effectively for rock mass in tunnels.
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