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Editor Work2004 Vol. 12, No. S1
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2004, 12(S1): 1-3.
Abstract
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In the new 21st century the world community of engineering geology is firmly taking the way to serve the sustainable development of our economic society.Focusing on the new orientation of science advancement and the progress obtained in the earth's sciences, a proposal on the "Study of geosphere dynamics, development of non-linear theory and application of technology for observing the earth from space", with hoping in upgrading the scientific level and practical capability of engineering geology.
In the new 21st century the world community of engineering geology is firmly taking the way to serve the sustainable development of our economic society.Focusing on the new orientation of science advancement and the progress obtained in the earth's sciences, a proposal on the "Study of geosphere dynamics, development of non-linear theory and application of technology for observing the earth from space", with hoping in upgrading the scientific level and practical capability of engineering geology.
2004, 12(S1): 7-13.
High geo-stress and its reduced epigenetic fracturing during unloading process has great significance to the rock engineering in southwestern China because of the exists of local high geo-stress in this area. The basic laws summarized as 3 basic models about regional geo-stress distribution and so called "camel type distribution" of a typical rock slope are revealed in this paper. Based on a lot of field evidences related to geo-stress release in rock slope, the author concludes the near surface fracturing accompanying with a river's cutting down or surface excavation as 4 epigenetic recreation conceptual models. The formation mechanism and engineering geological significance of these models are also discussed in this paper.
High geo-stress and its reduced epigenetic fracturing during unloading process has great significance to the rock engineering in southwestern China because of the exists of local high geo-stress in this area. The basic laws summarized as 3 basic models about regional geo-stress distribution and so called "camel type distribution" of a typical rock slope are revealed in this paper. Based on a lot of field evidences related to geo-stress release in rock slope, the author concludes the near surface fracturing accompanying with a river's cutting down or surface excavation as 4 epigenetic recreation conceptual models. The formation mechanism and engineering geological significance of these models are also discussed in this paper.
2004, 12(S1): 14-17.
Through the systematic investigation with a lots of drillings, the paper has a detailed study on the topograph, strata and structural geology in Taipinghu bridge region. Based on the work, the paper presents that the preferred structural plane formation is related with Huangshan vault uplift (forming NW the radial crack) to southeast Under the engineering load, the deformation of the bridge basement is very small, therefore, it is suitable for bridge construction.
Through the systematic investigation with a lots of drillings, the paper has a detailed study on the topograph, strata and structural geology in Taipinghu bridge region. Based on the work, the paper presents that the preferred structural plane formation is related with Huangshan vault uplift (forming NW the radial crack) to southeast Under the engineering load, the deformation of the bridge basement is very small, therefore, it is suitable for bridge construction.
2004, 12(S1): 18-21.
By geological investigation, this paper analyzes various karst morphological characters on the bank slope of the BeiPanJiang Bridge gorge and summarizes its developed law systemically. These studies put forward reliable geological data for the successful design of the bridge.
By geological investigation, this paper analyzes various karst morphological characters on the bank slope of the BeiPanJiang Bridge gorge and summarizes its developed law systemically. These studies put forward reliable geological data for the successful design of the bridge.
2004, 12(S1): 22-25.
Nan si lake silt up, water, earth pollution, run off to compare is serious, and bring out a series of ecological environmental geological and ecological crisis problem, environment worsens, not only have influence for lakes growth evolution and the economy of industry and agriculture as well as the water resource use for ring lake around area develop, have great control role. With project and ecological measure comprehensive prevention and cure and protective method, improve bad condition, establishing a good resource - is ecological and environmental.
Nan si lake silt up, water, earth pollution, run off to compare is serious, and bring out a series of ecological environmental geological and ecological crisis problem, environment worsens, not only have influence for lakes growth evolution and the economy of industry and agriculture as well as the water resource use for ring lake around area develop, have great control role. With project and ecological measure comprehensive prevention and cure and protective method, improve bad condition, establishing a good resource - is ecological and environmental.
2004, 12(S1): 26-30.
The study of regional crustal stability is a branch(field) of engineering geology of Chinese particularity, developing with the demonstration of regional geological conditions and environments of the large engineering and economy constructions in our country step by step. The progress and develop trend of the regional crustal stability estimation are generalized. Emphasis is made on the following 3 representative theories of the regional crustal stability estimation: "safety island" theory, structural control theory and engineering geology regional stability theory. Considering the main confronted tasks, several important develop trends of the regional crustal stability estimation in future are put forward, that is, the internationalization trend, theory and technical diversification trend, three-dimensional stability estimation and small regionalization trend in city, information system trend based on GIS technique and the trend of serving the national important site selection, construction, run and management in whole course.
The study of regional crustal stability is a branch(field) of engineering geology of Chinese particularity, developing with the demonstration of regional geological conditions and environments of the large engineering and economy constructions in our country step by step. The progress and develop trend of the regional crustal stability estimation are generalized. Emphasis is made on the following 3 representative theories of the regional crustal stability estimation: "safety island" theory, structural control theory and engineering geology regional stability theory. Considering the main confronted tasks, several important develop trends of the regional crustal stability estimation in future are put forward, that is, the internationalization trend, theory and technical diversification trend, three-dimensional stability estimation and small regionalization trend in city, information system trend based on GIS technique and the trend of serving the national important site selection, construction, run and management in whole course.
2004, 12(S1): 31-39.
For linear geo-engineering projects like highway and railway, complicated engineering geological conditions are to be coped with due to various geomorphological and geological units dissected. The fundamental and first thing is to carry out zoning according to engineering geological situations. Previous researches paid attentions on the qualitative zoning, which is difficult to ensure its feasibility in engineering design, construction and prevention of geological hazards. Based on plentiful approaches on analysis of engineering geological situations as layers comparative analysis, fuzzy evaluation, and interaction matrix, etc, this paper presents the case example in use of the interaction matrix approach to deal with associated data for evaluation of engineering geological situations and quantitative zonation. As a result, 8 zonations and 19 sub-zonations were depicted with comparison and evaluations of engineering geological situations for highway engineering application between Basu and Linzhi section in the Sichuan-Tibet Highway.
For linear geo-engineering projects like highway and railway, complicated engineering geological conditions are to be coped with due to various geomorphological and geological units dissected. The fundamental and first thing is to carry out zoning according to engineering geological situations. Previous researches paid attentions on the qualitative zoning, which is difficult to ensure its feasibility in engineering design, construction and prevention of geological hazards. Based on plentiful approaches on analysis of engineering geological situations as layers comparative analysis, fuzzy evaluation, and interaction matrix, etc, this paper presents the case example in use of the interaction matrix approach to deal with associated data for evaluation of engineering geological situations and quantitative zonation. As a result, 8 zonations and 19 sub-zonations were depicted with comparison and evaluations of engineering geological situations for highway engineering application between Basu and Linzhi section in the Sichuan-Tibet Highway.
2004, 12(S1): 40-43.
The problems have caused by large scale urban construction. In this paper, have introduce a few problem about engineering and environmental geology in Xi'an city's building, such as ground settlement and ground fracture, Man-made lake seepage and made saturated soft loess, large area fill caused loess collapsibility increase and a wide range settlement, And to interest to research these similar engineering geological problems.
The problems have caused by large scale urban construction. In this paper, have introduce a few problem about engineering and environmental geology in Xi'an city's building, such as ground settlement and ground fracture, Man-made lake seepage and made saturated soft loess, large area fill caused loess collapsibility increase and a wide range settlement, And to interest to research these similar engineering geological problems.
2004, 12(S1): 44-49.
The paper takes the Qinling orogenic belt for an example and analyses the relationship between evolution of the orogenic belt and engineering geological problems. Combined with the built and abuilding lifeline works, not only usual geological hazard types and engineering geological problems in the orogenic belt are discussed, but also basic research thoughts and methods of the engineering geological problems in the orogenic belt are put forward, which is benefit to important engineering constructions in the orogenic belt.
The paper takes the Qinling orogenic belt for an example and analyses the relationship between evolution of the orogenic belt and engineering geological problems. Combined with the built and abuilding lifeline works, not only usual geological hazard types and engineering geological problems in the orogenic belt are discussed, but also basic research thoughts and methods of the engineering geological problems in the orogenic belt are put forward, which is benefit to important engineering constructions in the orogenic belt.
2004, 12(S1): 50-54.
The main impairment of geological environment and its characteristics during the current urban engineering construction have been discussed and analysed, the principle and countermeasure of prevention and cure are also put forward.
The main impairment of geological environment and its characteristics during the current urban engineering construction have been discussed and analysed, the principle and countermeasure of prevention and cure are also put forward.
2004, 12(S1): 55-58.
The influences of geological condition on the cost of Shanghai subway construction is discussed in this paper . Four influencing factors in soft soil area are presented, such as engineering characters of Shanghai shallow soils, veracity of geotechnical investigation, environmental survey before the subway construction by shield method and engineering geology investigation. Examples for reduction of subway construction cost are provided as well. The discussion has important value on how to optimize designs and reduce cost of subway construction .
The influences of geological condition on the cost of Shanghai subway construction is discussed in this paper . Four influencing factors in soft soil area are presented, such as engineering characters of Shanghai shallow soils, veracity of geotechnical investigation, environmental survey before the subway construction by shield method and engineering geology investigation. Examples for reduction of subway construction cost are provided as well. The discussion has important value on how to optimize designs and reduce cost of subway construction .
2004, 12(S1): 61-64.
With the repeated disintegration testing, the disintegration features of the red mud distributed in the Three Gorges have been studied. The testing results indicate that this mud does not behave in remarkable disintegration. Then the disintegration does not play an important role for the slope failure.
With the repeated disintegration testing, the disintegration features of the red mud distributed in the Three Gorges have been studied. The testing results indicate that this mud does not behave in remarkable disintegration. Then the disintegration does not play an important role for the slope failure.
2004, 12(S1): 65-68.
Aiming at the exist problems of the research on laws of void water seepage in low osmosis stratum,with means of microseepage-consolidation combined test,triaxial percolated consolidation test,hydrargyrum intrusion test and other tests,this paper details a systemic research on seepage laws of void water in low osmosis stratum- cohesive soil,and discuss void water seep law,utmost hydraulic graddient,the applied scope of Darcy-law,and its applications in practice.
Aiming at the exist problems of the research on laws of void water seepage in low osmosis stratum,with means of microseepage-consolidation combined test,triaxial percolated consolidation test,hydrargyrum intrusion test and other tests,this paper details a systemic research on seepage laws of void water in low osmosis stratum- cohesive soil,and discuss void water seep law,utmost hydraulic graddient,the applied scope of Darcy-law,and its applications in practice.
2004, 12(S1): 69-72.
Seismic loess landslides, seismic subsidence and liquefaction are predominant seismic disasters in loess areas. Based on the seismic disasters characteristics of loess sites, this paper assesses seismic resistance of all the sorts of sites. Through analysis on the major indexes that affect seismic stability of slopes, loess subsidence resistance and liquefaction, the paper summarizes the assessment indexes for seismic resistance of loess sites, and provides the zoning of loess sites under different seismic intensities. This method is valuable for seismic loess disasters zoning, qualitative analysis and preliminary estimation of general construction sites.
Seismic loess landslides, seismic subsidence and liquefaction are predominant seismic disasters in loess areas. Based on the seismic disasters characteristics of loess sites, this paper assesses seismic resistance of all the sorts of sites. Through analysis on the major indexes that affect seismic stability of slopes, loess subsidence resistance and liquefaction, the paper summarizes the assessment indexes for seismic resistance of loess sites, and provides the zoning of loess sites under different seismic intensities. This method is valuable for seismic loess disasters zoning, qualitative analysis and preliminary estimation of general construction sites.
2004, 12(S1): 73-78.
In the previous study on additional stress in soil of ground always, soil is apt to be assumed as an elastic continuous medium. In fact, since soil is a solid-liquid-gas three-phase incompact system and the structure of soil is a complex system formed by several levels, it is greatly different from elastic continuous medium. To represent regularity of additional stress more correctly, the mesoscopic structure model of additional stress transfer in the soil is proposed to study its mechanics in this paper. This model also explains concentration and diffusion of additional stress in layered ground.
In the previous study on additional stress in soil of ground always, soil is apt to be assumed as an elastic continuous medium. In fact, since soil is a solid-liquid-gas three-phase incompact system and the structure of soil is a complex system formed by several levels, it is greatly different from elastic continuous medium. To represent regularity of additional stress more correctly, the mesoscopic structure model of additional stress transfer in the soil is proposed to study its mechanics in this paper. This model also explains concentration and diffusion of additional stress in layered ground.
2004, 12(S1): 79-83.
Established in geologic evolvement of solum, relied on strong structural soft clay strata which belong to Zhanjiang Formation lower Pleistocene series the Quaternary system in Zhanjiang area, analyzed edimentation characteristic and engineering properties. It is found that Zhanjiang Formation is the deltaic-facies strata controled by river(interactive marine & continental sedimentation),and its special sedimentation characteristic result from multi-geologic-agent coupling action and strong tectonic movement effect. It is typical strong structural soil with higher structural strength result from agglutination, and its pedogenic evolutionary process is similar to that of laterite.
Established in geologic evolvement of solum, relied on strong structural soft clay strata which belong to Zhanjiang Formation lower Pleistocene series the Quaternary system in Zhanjiang area, analyzed edimentation characteristic and engineering properties. It is found that Zhanjiang Formation is the deltaic-facies strata controled by river(interactive marine & continental sedimentation),and its special sedimentation characteristic result from multi-geologic-agent coupling action and strong tectonic movement effect. It is typical strong structural soil with higher structural strength result from agglutination, and its pedogenic evolutionary process is similar to that of laterite.
2004, 12(S1): 84-87.
Analysis result of scanning electron microscopy shows that Shanghai soft soil appears anisotropy in microstructure, and can be further subdivided into the original and secondary interstices by genesis. The original interstice is formed during flocculation and tends to be close or open by gravity action during concretion, which makes the horizontal interstice more permeable than the vertical one. The interstice formed either by groundwater dissolving the freely soluble grains in the aquifer or by seepage dynamic action reconstructing the existed interstice, is named as the secondary interstice, whose anisotropy is higher than that of the original interstice. The anisotropy of seepage is decided by the interstice's distribution and its anisotropy of connectivity, and seepage in the anisotropy medium will strengthen the characteristics of soft soil's microstructure and macrostructure anisotropy.
Analysis result of scanning electron microscopy shows that Shanghai soft soil appears anisotropy in microstructure, and can be further subdivided into the original and secondary interstices by genesis. The original interstice is formed during flocculation and tends to be close or open by gravity action during concretion, which makes the horizontal interstice more permeable than the vertical one. The interstice formed either by groundwater dissolving the freely soluble grains in the aquifer or by seepage dynamic action reconstructing the existed interstice, is named as the secondary interstice, whose anisotropy is higher than that of the original interstice. The anisotropy of seepage is decided by the interstice's distribution and its anisotropy of connectivity, and seepage in the anisotropy medium will strengthen the characteristics of soft soil's microstructure and macrostructure anisotropy.
2004, 12(S1): 88-90.
Sufficient datum have been collected after quantities of substant exploration on Daliushu dam site on Yellow River.Analysis about forty cave wall rock P-wave velocity shows that rock P-wave velocity on Daliushu dam site has the following two characteristics:first,large-scale low wave speed; second,alternative distribution of low and high P-wave velocity sects.Rock P-wave velocity as a key mark of rock quality can reflect the state of rock body quality in the dam site area.
Sufficient datum have been collected after quantities of substant exploration on Daliushu dam site on Yellow River.Analysis about forty cave wall rock P-wave velocity shows that rock P-wave velocity on Daliushu dam site has the following two characteristics:first,large-scale low wave speed; second,alternative distribution of low and high P-wave velocity sects.Rock P-wave velocity as a key mark of rock quality can reflect the state of rock body quality in the dam site area.
2004, 12(S1): 91-93.
Based on collecting and analyzing the mechanical properties of saturator silt on many fields of survey and foundation treatment in and around Shijiazhuang City, saturated silt is explored to have a low bearing capacity and big deformation in situ, while a relatively high bearing capacity and small deformation in laboratory. This paper also discusses the reason of the discrepancy. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation and improving measures of saturator silt are put forward to remedy the coresponding normal.
Based on collecting and analyzing the mechanical properties of saturator silt on many fields of survey and foundation treatment in and around Shijiazhuang City, saturated silt is explored to have a low bearing capacity and big deformation in situ, while a relatively high bearing capacity and small deformation in laboratory. This paper also discusses the reason of the discrepancy. Finally, the comprehensive evaluation and improving measures of saturator silt are put forward to remedy the coresponding normal.
2004, 12(S1): 94-97.
With having suffered exogenetic force destructive effect and compacting action about two thousand years, the physical and mechanical index of the Ch'in-Great Wall of the Warning States Period has good relativity with present actuality . Because of having developed many diseases, the ramming soil's pore is more larger and the dry density became lower. The mechanical index represents visible anisotropism. By using above-mentioned physical and mechanical index, we can give impactful datas and reference for protecting the costing cultural heritage.
With having suffered exogenetic force destructive effect and compacting action about two thousand years, the physical and mechanical index of the Ch'in-Great Wall of the Warning States Period has good relativity with present actuality . Because of having developed many diseases, the ramming soil's pore is more larger and the dry density became lower. The mechanical index represents visible anisotropism. By using above-mentioned physical and mechanical index, we can give impactful datas and reference for protecting the costing cultural heritage.
2004, 12(S1): 98-101.
Through lab tests by using the typical triaxical test machine-C.K.C, the thesis studies the dynamic strength and stress-strain relation of silt soil under subway traffic loading. And the research shows that the dynamic strength fall as the cycle of the dynamic loading increases, and the stress-strain relation. In addition, the research educes the rules of the dynamic elasticity modulus and dynamic shear strain of the silt soil. The result is beneficial to the design of the subway.
Through lab tests by using the typical triaxical test machine-C.K.C, the thesis studies the dynamic strength and stress-strain relation of silt soil under subway traffic loading. And the research shows that the dynamic strength fall as the cycle of the dynamic loading increases, and the stress-strain relation. In addition, the research educes the rules of the dynamic elasticity modulus and dynamic shear strain of the silt soil. The result is beneficial to the design of the subway.
2004, 12(S1): 102-107.
The basic information of the large type energy base of Juye mine area in Shandong province is presented. The geological strata and it's basic constitute characteristics are also introduced. Taking Longgu mine shaft as an example, the basic engineering geological properties of the deep soils are tested and analyzed, the clay mineral composition of the deep clay soils are tested quantitatively, the swelling properties are also tested and classified. The grain constitute and permeability of the sands are also tested. Imitating the characteristics of the deep strata stress state and unloading during the shaft excavation, the high pressure triaxial unloading testing are finished with the deep clay sample, which obtained the corresponding stress-strain curves and the strength parameters. The main engineering geological which probably arise during the shaft building through the thick over soils are analyzed. The researches have an important value for application to the design and construction of the shafts of Juye mine area.
The basic information of the large type energy base of Juye mine area in Shandong province is presented. The geological strata and it's basic constitute characteristics are also introduced. Taking Longgu mine shaft as an example, the basic engineering geological properties of the deep soils are tested and analyzed, the clay mineral composition of the deep clay soils are tested quantitatively, the swelling properties are also tested and classified. The grain constitute and permeability of the sands are also tested. Imitating the characteristics of the deep strata stress state and unloading during the shaft excavation, the high pressure triaxial unloading testing are finished with the deep clay sample, which obtained the corresponding stress-strain curves and the strength parameters. The main engineering geological which probably arise during the shaft building through the thick over soils are analyzed. The researches have an important value for application to the design and construction of the shafts of Juye mine area.
2004, 12(S1): 108-111.
Based on the composing of soil strength, the influencing of water content on shear strength and compaction efficiency is analyzed. By way of laboratory test, it proved that the enforcement efficiency is highest when the water content of unsaturated soil is closed to the optimum water content.
Based on the composing of soil strength, the influencing of water content on shear strength and compaction efficiency is analyzed. By way of laboratory test, it proved that the enforcement efficiency is highest when the water content of unsaturated soil is closed to the optimum water content.
2004, 12(S1): 112-117.
The water is one of the dominant factors to landslide stability, and the shear strength choosing of slip zone soil is the key job to landslide stability evaluating and its prevention project designing, so it is very important to develop the influence of variation of water content on shear strength of slip zone soil. The slip zone soil comes from the huge landslide near a hydroelectric station of the upriver section of Yalong river, and the variation of shear strength of its remolding sample has been studied through triaxial test, and the valued variation law of shear strength has got.
The water is one of the dominant factors to landslide stability, and the shear strength choosing of slip zone soil is the key job to landslide stability evaluating and its prevention project designing, so it is very important to develop the influence of variation of water content on shear strength of slip zone soil. The slip zone soil comes from the huge landslide near a hydroelectric station of the upriver section of Yalong river, and the variation of shear strength of its remolding sample has been studied through triaxial test, and the valued variation law of shear strength has got.
2004, 12(S1): 118-121.
Influenced by multi-tectonic movement, rock mass on Heihe reservoir area is deeply fragmentized and with different level of weathering. It is critical to analysis rheologic properties of strong weathered and weak rock mass for keeping the reservoir running safely after impoundment. But, under the lower field stress level there, weak rock mass in faults area may demonstrate different rheologic features from intact rock mass inevitably. Weak rock mass and intact rock mass should be treated as two different materials when the rheology is taken into account to build models. Based on this, rheologic models under different field stress for rock-mass are put forward for the dam area after detailed analysis.
Influenced by multi-tectonic movement, rock mass on Heihe reservoir area is deeply fragmentized and with different level of weathering. It is critical to analysis rheologic properties of strong weathered and weak rock mass for keeping the reservoir running safely after impoundment. But, under the lower field stress level there, weak rock mass in faults area may demonstrate different rheologic features from intact rock mass inevitably. Weak rock mass and intact rock mass should be treated as two different materials when the rheology is taken into account to build models. Based on this, rheologic models under different field stress for rock-mass are put forward for the dam area after detailed analysis.
2004, 12(S1): 125-128.
The 21st century is an ear in which human beings are jointly seeking for sustainable development. Therefore protection & appropriate utilization of environment and resources have become big strategy issues in the development of China. The author considered that urban geology should focus on environmental problems encountered in the present expedition of urbanization in China. In other words, Urban geology should focus on urban environmental geotechnology safety. This paper recognizes that the main development direction and idea is urban geology--environment geology--to do with the problems of our geotechnology and geological hazard.
The 21st century is an ear in which human beings are jointly seeking for sustainable development. Therefore protection & appropriate utilization of environment and resources have become big strategy issues in the development of China. The author considered that urban geology should focus on environmental problems encountered in the present expedition of urbanization in China. In other words, Urban geology should focus on urban environmental geotechnology safety. This paper recognizes that the main development direction and idea is urban geology--environment geology--to do with the problems of our geotechnology and geological hazard.
2004, 12(S1): 129-133.
The security and stability of Yangtze River embankment is an important matter that has been paid close attention to by national leader. In this paper the geologic condition of representative dyke in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is introduced, which includes geographical position, hydrometeorology, topography and physiognomy, geological structure, stratum lithology and dyke matter and so on. The stability analysis of the dyke is discussed. Numerical examples show that dyke is steadier the days of river water level rising or keeping than the days of the dyke being nature. The safety factor of embankment stability drop suddenly when the water level falls rapidly, and landslide will happen in all probability.Of all the parameters of elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and mass density the most sensitive parameter for the embankment stability is mass density, and modulus of elasticity is the smallest sensitive one. For the intension indexes of cohesion c and friction angle φ on the gliding surface, it is common sense that the influence of φ to the safety factor is much more remarkable than that c. In fact, it is conditional. That is correct if the depth of landslide is large, but the influence of c to the safety factor enhances obviously if the depth of landslide is small. So the parameter c should be paid more attention for a shallow landslide.
The security and stability of Yangtze River embankment is an important matter that has been paid close attention to by national leader. In this paper the geologic condition of representative dyke in the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River is introduced, which includes geographical position, hydrometeorology, topography and physiognomy, geological structure, stratum lithology and dyke matter and so on. The stability analysis of the dyke is discussed. Numerical examples show that dyke is steadier the days of river water level rising or keeping than the days of the dyke being nature. The safety factor of embankment stability drop suddenly when the water level falls rapidly, and landslide will happen in all probability.Of all the parameters of elastic modulus, Poisson's ratio and mass density the most sensitive parameter for the embankment stability is mass density, and modulus of elasticity is the smallest sensitive one. For the intension indexes of cohesion c and friction angle φ on the gliding surface, it is common sense that the influence of φ to the safety factor is much more remarkable than that c. In fact, it is conditional. That is correct if the depth of landslide is large, but the influence of c to the safety factor enhances obviously if the depth of landslide is small. So the parameter c should be paid more attention for a shallow landslide.
2004, 12(S1): 134-141.
In order to ensure the security of Yuanliangshan tunnel construction and run, considered karst development, characteristics of water gushing and mud soil projecting and their influences of precipitation in the east flank of Tongmaling anticline, four harnessing projects are compared among tunnel drainage, horizontal heading tunnel drainage, plugging and blockage combined with drainage, and the first project is selected finally. Because of many storms occurred in the anticline area during the rain season in May to September, 2003, large scale water gushing and projecting(mixed with mud, sand and stone) took place frequently in some sections, epically in DK361+764 and DK360+873, but they were all drained and the tunnel and its lining structure are safe and sound. The fact indicates that it is the right choice to utilize the tunnel drainage project to harness the karst water gushing and mud projecting hazards in the east flank of Tongmaling anticline.
In order to ensure the security of Yuanliangshan tunnel construction and run, considered karst development, characteristics of water gushing and mud soil projecting and their influences of precipitation in the east flank of Tongmaling anticline, four harnessing projects are compared among tunnel drainage, horizontal heading tunnel drainage, plugging and blockage combined with drainage, and the first project is selected finally. Because of many storms occurred in the anticline area during the rain season in May to September, 2003, large scale water gushing and projecting(mixed with mud, sand and stone) took place frequently in some sections, epically in DK361+764 and DK360+873, but they were all drained and the tunnel and its lining structure are safe and sound. The fact indicates that it is the right choice to utilize the tunnel drainage project to harness the karst water gushing and mud projecting hazards in the east flank of Tongmaling anticline.
2004, 12(S1): 142-146.
Wan Zhou He Ping Guang Chang landslide zone,for short HPGC, in reservoir region of the Three Gorge,which is locate in Wan Zhou main town of Chong Qing city,where lie to north bank of Chang Jiang and is intersection of Chang Jiang and its branch called Zhu Xi river. It is one of the Four Massiness Landslide, which were ranked investigation and prevention signified in reservoir region of the Three Gorge. the geological baby of HPGC is a loose accumulation mixed, which comprised human activity accumulation, collapse-slide accumulation, weathering residual deposits and alluvium. Substance comprises characteristic of HPGC testified it true that accumulation of HPGC had not been characteristic slid with identical and large scale, but it had being accumulated step by step with the earth's crust uplifted slowly of the Three Gorge region and while bed of Chang Jiang river cut down, which is significant conclusion. That is very important guidance significance for engineering of HPGC slide and bank collapse preventing.
Wan Zhou He Ping Guang Chang landslide zone,for short HPGC, in reservoir region of the Three Gorge,which is locate in Wan Zhou main town of Chong Qing city,where lie to north bank of Chang Jiang and is intersection of Chang Jiang and its branch called Zhu Xi river. It is one of the Four Massiness Landslide, which were ranked investigation and prevention signified in reservoir region of the Three Gorge. the geological baby of HPGC is a loose accumulation mixed, which comprised human activity accumulation, collapse-slide accumulation, weathering residual deposits and alluvium. Substance comprises characteristic of HPGC testified it true that accumulation of HPGC had not been characteristic slid with identical and large scale, but it had being accumulated step by step with the earth's crust uplifted slowly of the Three Gorge region and while bed of Chang Jiang river cut down, which is significant conclusion. That is very important guidance significance for engineering of HPGC slide and bank collapse preventing.
2004, 12(S1): 147-150.
Nowadays thaw settlement of frozen ground becomes a main reason for frozen soil diseases of destroyed constructions in frozen regions which makes researchers pay more attention and study further. This paper discusses the progress on thaw settlement of frozen soil for past fifties years from some aspects, such as, theory, tests in lab, numerical calculation, forecast etc. And summarizes many treatments of preventing thawing settlement, especially some treatments applied to Qinghai-Tibet railway. It also suggests researchers to study numerical calculation of thaw settlement more and unites theory, numerical calculation and engineering fields to promote the study of frozen soil thawing settlement.
Nowadays thaw settlement of frozen ground becomes a main reason for frozen soil diseases of destroyed constructions in frozen regions which makes researchers pay more attention and study further. This paper discusses the progress on thaw settlement of frozen soil for past fifties years from some aspects, such as, theory, tests in lab, numerical calculation, forecast etc. And summarizes many treatments of preventing thawing settlement, especially some treatments applied to Qinghai-Tibet railway. It also suggests researchers to study numerical calculation of thaw settlement more and unites theory, numerical calculation and engineering fields to promote the study of frozen soil thawing settlement.
2004, 12(S1): 151-153.
Like other geological hazards, landslides have their characteristic and occurrence, development themselves. Based on the review and analysis of 37 landslides in Fengdu County, the characteristic of these landslides are obtained. The stability of these landslides, which almost are accumulative formation in origin and shallow in deep, has decreased gradually with the rise of the water level of Yangtze River in recent two years.
Like other geological hazards, landslides have their characteristic and occurrence, development themselves. Based on the review and analysis of 37 landslides in Fengdu County, the characteristic of these landslides are obtained. The stability of these landslides, which almost are accumulative formation in origin and shallow in deep, has decreased gradually with the rise of the water level of Yangtze River in recent two years.
2004, 12(S1): 154-157.
The Zhaozixiushan Mountain of Huaying deformed and cracked rockmass is located in the famous middle section of HuaYing mountain range in Sichuan province. Its geology condition is very complicated. If the deformed and cracked rockmass destablizated,it will form debris-flow and the matter directly enters the Liangjia river located closely below 700m's differential height, and will forms a disaster " chain " in the Liangjia River, and endanger the safety of more than 2000 life and the part of the city resident. The article is based on the geology condition, the basic characteristic,the causes and the leading inducing factor of the deformed and cracked rockmass illustrates the disaster "chain" characteristic of the deformed and cracked rockmass occured, and has carried on evaluation and partition to harmfulness area. Finally put forward the prevention and cure countermeasure and suggests .
The Zhaozixiushan Mountain of Huaying deformed and cracked rockmass is located in the famous middle section of HuaYing mountain range in Sichuan province. Its geology condition is very complicated. If the deformed and cracked rockmass destablizated,it will form debris-flow and the matter directly enters the Liangjia river located closely below 700m's differential height, and will forms a disaster " chain " in the Liangjia River, and endanger the safety of more than 2000 life and the part of the city resident. The article is based on the geology condition, the basic characteristic,the causes and the leading inducing factor of the deformed and cracked rockmass illustrates the disaster "chain" characteristic of the deformed and cracked rockmass occured, and has carried on evaluation and partition to harmfulness area. Finally put forward the prevention and cure countermeasure and suggests .
2004, 12(S1): 158-161.
The wall rock of the south line 6# tunnel of the project of abstraction from Yellow River at Wanjiazhai is the carbonatite stratum of the upper and lower Majiagou formations of Ordovician system, where karst well developed and formed mainly irregular water-eroded caves, while most of them are filled with karst breccias, detritus soil and low liquid limit muddy soil. For the engineering geological properties of these karst fillings are so bad as to induce deformations like the crack and slab staggering of the tunnel liner concrete domain, which will inevitably impact the normal water delivery of the tunnel. To solve this problem, geological radar testing, complementary drilling and sampling are done in the tunnel. Furthermore, the laboratory soil test is also done and wall rock's Karst up-growth characteristics are analyzed. Based on the engineering properties of the Karst fillings, cement grouting is used.
The wall rock of the south line 6# tunnel of the project of abstraction from Yellow River at Wanjiazhai is the carbonatite stratum of the upper and lower Majiagou formations of Ordovician system, where karst well developed and formed mainly irregular water-eroded caves, while most of them are filled with karst breccias, detritus soil and low liquid limit muddy soil. For the engineering geological properties of these karst fillings are so bad as to induce deformations like the crack and slab staggering of the tunnel liner concrete domain, which will inevitably impact the normal water delivery of the tunnel. To solve this problem, geological radar testing, complementary drilling and sampling are done in the tunnel. Furthermore, the laboratory soil test is also done and wall rock's Karst up-growth characteristics are analyzed. Based on the engineering properties of the Karst fillings, cement grouting is used.
2004, 12(S1): 162-165.
Results of investigation shows that the distribution of geological hazard has distinguished area character by Han-Cheng big fault. Although there are a lot of cracking and pit in the earth of the fault, in the east loess plateau area, the mainly hazards are landfalls and landslides. After researching, we believe the causes of geologic hazards are different according to its distribution. The falls and slides are caused by natural geology factor in the east area of the fault, and it also influenced by groundwater and earthquake. In the west, happening of the geologic hazards are closed related to human beings' engineering activities.
Results of investigation shows that the distribution of geological hazard has distinguished area character by Han-Cheng big fault. Although there are a lot of cracking and pit in the earth of the fault, in the east loess plateau area, the mainly hazards are landfalls and landslides. After researching, we believe the causes of geologic hazards are different according to its distribution. The falls and slides are caused by natural geology factor in the east area of the fault, and it also influenced by groundwater and earthquake. In the west, happening of the geologic hazards are closed related to human beings' engineering activities.
2004, 12(S1): 166-169.
According to the investigation of geological hazards in Zhouzhi county, which is one of the most counties having serious geological hazards in Shaanxi province, the thesis sums up the geological hazards developing actuality and distribution features in the county. And it also analyses the factors influencing the formation of geological hazards,such as geological background,mankind activities,etc. Considering the terrain、the geological condition、human activities and the climate and hydrogeological condition, we divide the whole county four zones of different risks. The result will help to plan land,reduce hazards and take precaution against hazards.
According to the investigation of geological hazards in Zhouzhi county, which is one of the most counties having serious geological hazards in Shaanxi province, the thesis sums up the geological hazards developing actuality and distribution features in the county. And it also analyses the factors influencing the formation of geological hazards,such as geological background,mankind activities,etc. Considering the terrain、the geological condition、human activities and the climate and hydrogeological condition, we divide the whole county four zones of different risks. The result will help to plan land,reduce hazards and take precaution against hazards.
2004, 12(S1): 170-172.
ion As the hazard of sand seismic liquefaction is random, a probability method for assessing the hazard is proposed, that is, non-liquefaction, light liquefaction, middling liquefaction, and serious liquefaction are quantified with probability. The expressions to compute the liquefaction hazard probability are also proposed by the method of Monte Carlo. A case is analyzed by the probability method and the result shows that the probability method can quantitatively assess the liquefaction hazard.
ion As the hazard of sand seismic liquefaction is random, a probability method for assessing the hazard is proposed, that is, non-liquefaction, light liquefaction, middling liquefaction, and serious liquefaction are quantified with probability. The expressions to compute the liquefaction hazard probability are also proposed by the method of Monte Carlo. A case is analyzed by the probability method and the result shows that the probability method can quantitatively assess the liquefaction hazard.
2004, 12(S1): 173-174.
Combined with the 3rd investigation of geological hazards in FengDu County in the Three Gorges reservoir area, this paper introduces the identification of various geological hazards which prevail in the study area. It may give reference for the similar studies.
Combined with the 3rd investigation of geological hazards in FengDu County in the Three Gorges reservoir area, this paper introduces the identification of various geological hazards which prevail in the study area. It may give reference for the similar studies.
2004, 12(S1): 175-180.
According to the example of landslide hazards in Wan Zhou region,based on practical investigation,the paper expounds systematically the basic characteristic of landslide hazards in reservoir area and the background of geologic environment being arising.And it analyses the influence of human activities,rising of the water level of the Changjiang River and sluice to the stability of reservoir bank.
According to the example of landslide hazards in Wan Zhou region,based on practical investigation,the paper expounds systematically the basic characteristic of landslide hazards in reservoir area and the background of geologic environment being arising.And it analyses the influence of human activities,rising of the water level of the Changjiang River and sluice to the stability of reservoir bank.
2004, 12(S1): 181-183.
Influenced by the crustal elevation, periodic activity of faults and periodic fluctuation of climate, most geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir developed in several geological ages and distributed assembly some areas, which results in the complexity of genesis of slope talus.
Influenced by the crustal elevation, periodic activity of faults and periodic fluctuation of climate, most geological hazards in the Three Gorges Reservoir developed in several geological ages and distributed assembly some areas, which results in the complexity of genesis of slope talus.
GEOLOGICAL HAZARDS AND SOLUTIONS FOR HIGHWAY CONSTRUCTION ON THE RED LAY IN SOUTHERN YUNNAN PROVINCE
2004, 12(S1): 184-189.
The paper discusses major geological hazards by detailing their types and causes in seven case studies and possible solutions are also presented including those to slope deforming, landslides and mudslide.
The paper discusses major geological hazards by detailing their types and causes in seven case studies and possible solutions are also presented including those to slope deforming, landslides and mudslide.
2004, 12(S1): 190-195.
Aiming to the cases of silty clay landslide in Xinjiang district, through the geology reconnaissance, the damage cause is demonstrated by qualitative mechanism analysis and quantitative mechanics model calculation. According to the results of analysis and calculation, and combined with the characteristic of ecological and environmental protection, a set of comprehensive treatment is put forward, which presents an new concept for landslide treatment in this district and can be used as reference for the similar landslide in the other districts.
Aiming to the cases of silty clay landslide in Xinjiang district, through the geology reconnaissance, the damage cause is demonstrated by qualitative mechanism analysis and quantitative mechanics model calculation. According to the results of analysis and calculation, and combined with the characteristic of ecological and environmental protection, a set of comprehensive treatment is put forward, which presents an new concept for landslide treatment in this district and can be used as reference for the similar landslide in the other districts.
2004, 12(S1): 199-211.
There exist many high slopes in the process of building of large-scale infrastructure, especially in the process of the west exploitation policy putting into force. However, there is still no code for assessment of deformation and stability of slope with height over 30m. In order to fill up the blank, a draft engineering geological assessment procedure was presented, which will give reference for drawing up design code for these slopes.
There exist many high slopes in the process of building of large-scale infrastructure, especially in the process of the west exploitation policy putting into force. However, there is still no code for assessment of deformation and stability of slope with height over 30m. In order to fill up the blank, a draft engineering geological assessment procedure was presented, which will give reference for drawing up design code for these slopes.
2004, 12(S1): 212-217.
Fully mechanized sublevel caving mining method has became main technique used in high-efficiency coal industry in our country. Many new problems occur with fast mining progress, for example, water gushing yield of working face isn t too much than that in traditional method, saying nothing of sudden flood. So hydrogeologic exploration should be done before mining. Distribution of ground-water and forecasted water gushing yield should be ascertained. The paper deals with the study on analysis and forecasting of water gushing yield of bed top in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining from an example of 1302 working face in Xing Longzhuang Mine of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group Ltd. Hydraulics analytic method 3-D finite element numerical simulation is adopted in analysis and forecasting.
Fully mechanized sublevel caving mining method has became main technique used in high-efficiency coal industry in our country. Many new problems occur with fast mining progress, for example, water gushing yield of working face isn t too much than that in traditional method, saying nothing of sudden flood. So hydrogeologic exploration should be done before mining. Distribution of ground-water and forecasted water gushing yield should be ascertained. The paper deals with the study on analysis and forecasting of water gushing yield of bed top in fully mechanized sublevel caving mining from an example of 1302 working face in Xing Longzhuang Mine of Yanzhou Coal Mining Group Ltd. Hydraulics analytic method 3-D finite element numerical simulation is adopted in analysis and forecasting.
2004, 12(S1): 218-222.
This paper introduces key danger engineering geological problems in the deeply embedded tunnel and its investigation methods. It is suggested that knowledge of these problems, combined with problem-solving ability, is key to solve problems in the deeply embedded tunnel.
This paper introduces key danger engineering geological problems in the deeply embedded tunnel and its investigation methods. It is suggested that knowledge of these problems, combined with problem-solving ability, is key to solve problems in the deeply embedded tunnel.
2004, 12(S1): 223-227.
A deformation monitoring on expansive soil slope during cutting and protection was completed in Xiangjing Expressway. Based on contrast research on deformation characteristics of slope in variant weather condition, cutting and protection situation, the crucial factor was discussed to diminish deformation; the function of retaining wall and surface protection was analyzed; then some corresponding advice was given for cutting and protection of slope.
A deformation monitoring on expansive soil slope during cutting and protection was completed in Xiangjing Expressway. Based on contrast research on deformation characteristics of slope in variant weather condition, cutting and protection situation, the crucial factor was discussed to diminish deformation; the function of retaining wall and surface protection was analyzed; then some corresponding advice was given for cutting and protection of slope.
2004, 12(S1): 228-232.
The excavated slope height of right bank in Zaoshi hydropower arrive to 140m.The slope stability and the slope safety during the construction and the function become the one of the most important engineering geology problems. According to the rock combination, rock mechanic characteristics, geological structure and discontinuity feature, the special engineering geology dividing and the slope deformation failure models are proposed. And the slope stability assessment of the different parts is given.
The excavated slope height of right bank in Zaoshi hydropower arrive to 140m.The slope stability and the slope safety during the construction and the function become the one of the most important engineering geology problems. According to the rock combination, rock mechanic characteristics, geological structure and discontinuity feature, the special engineering geology dividing and the slope deformation failure models are proposed. And the slope stability assessment of the different parts is given.
2004, 12(S1): 233-237.
In this paper, actual pile settlements of some existing building similar to this project are analyzed, besides usingthe theory in scientific research, two methods are adopted to computer the pile settlement of this project, the modulus of compressibility is restated and the results of pile settlement are analyzed.
In this paper, actual pile settlements of some existing building similar to this project are analyzed, besides usingthe theory in scientific research, two methods are adopted to computer the pile settlement of this project, the modulus of compressibility is restated and the results of pile settlement are analyzed.
2004, 12(S1): 238-241.
Studied on the phreatic aquifer, the mechanism of the land subsidence and the characteristics of soil compaction due to dewatering were analyzed. Based on the viscoelastic stress-strain relationship with the consideration of soil-pore water reaction, the models of land subsidence and horizontal displacement due to dewatering of foundation pit were proposed, and the analytical solutions to the models were obtained.
Studied on the phreatic aquifer, the mechanism of the land subsidence and the characteristics of soil compaction due to dewatering were analyzed. Based on the viscoelastic stress-strain relationship with the consideration of soil-pore water reaction, the models of land subsidence and horizontal displacement due to dewatering of foundation pit were proposed, and the analytical solutions to the models were obtained.
2004, 12(S1): 242-248.
Article includes three aspects,the first describes the relation between the engineering geology and the preservation of stone monuments, the second describes the engineering problems in the preservation of stone monuments, the third describes the application of the engineering geologcal methodologies in the preservation of stone monuments.meanwhile,author summarizes past practices that the engineering geologcal theoretics apply on the preservation of stone monuments, renewedly make certain the station and the action of the engineering geology in engineering practices of the preservation of stone monuments,the engineering geologcal problems and the research directions of the preservation of stone monuments.
Article includes three aspects,the first describes the relation between the engineering geology and the preservation of stone monuments, the second describes the engineering problems in the preservation of stone monuments, the third describes the application of the engineering geologcal methodologies in the preservation of stone monuments.meanwhile,author summarizes past practices that the engineering geologcal theoretics apply on the preservation of stone monuments, renewedly make certain the station and the action of the engineering geology in engineering practices of the preservation of stone monuments,the engineering geologcal problems and the research directions of the preservation of stone monuments.
2004, 12(S1): 249-251.
Expansive soil is a kind of special soil. For its poor engineering property, some factors should be considered when it is used to construct expressway. In this paper, the problems of the design of embankment are discussed from soil property, the optimum water content, controlling of the degree of compaction, the influence of witting-drying cycle and the prevention of asymmetrical settlement.
Expansive soil is a kind of special soil. For its poor engineering property, some factors should be considered when it is used to construct expressway. In this paper, the problems of the design of embankment are discussed from soil property, the optimum water content, controlling of the degree of compaction, the influence of witting-drying cycle and the prevention of asymmetrical settlement.
2004, 12(S1): 252-256.
The article first introduced the present thing of slope stability and then according to the characteristic of evaluation method to classify it. In this article we also talked about the advantage and disadvantage of every methods. Last,we talked about the developing train of slope stability in the future.
The article first introduced the present thing of slope stability and then according to the characteristic of evaluation method to classify it. In this article we also talked about the advantage and disadvantage of every methods. Last,we talked about the developing train of slope stability in the future.
2004, 12(S1): 257-261.
Some analysis methods in common use at present on rock slope displacement monitoring data such as the method of regressive analysis, the method of time series analysis, the method of grey theory analysis, the method of non-linear dynamics analysis and the method of displacement space-time synthetics analysis, are briefly discussed in this paper. The paper not only studies these methods from several parts such as the keystone, applicable conditions, virtues and shortcomings and so on, but indicates the developing trend of the rock slope displacement monitoring data analysis methods. The paper emphasizes the controlling effects of the rock mass structure to its deformation and failure, and points out that rock slope displacement monitoring data analysis method based on rock mass deformation and failure mechanics is the developing trend.
Some analysis methods in common use at present on rock slope displacement monitoring data such as the method of regressive analysis, the method of time series analysis, the method of grey theory analysis, the method of non-linear dynamics analysis and the method of displacement space-time synthetics analysis, are briefly discussed in this paper. The paper not only studies these methods from several parts such as the keystone, applicable conditions, virtues and shortcomings and so on, but indicates the developing trend of the rock slope displacement monitoring data analysis methods. The paper emphasizes the controlling effects of the rock mass structure to its deformation and failure, and points out that rock slope displacement monitoring data analysis method based on rock mass deformation and failure mechanics is the developing trend.
2004, 12(S1): 262-265.
During the past thousand years, Yun-gang Grotto has suffered a lot from the seepage hazard, and at the same time, the establishing column rock's stability of the grotto has reduced because of the dissected by the tectonic joint and unload crack. The weathering effect on the establishing column rock in front of grotto 9, grotto 10 and grotto 12 is the most serious. The stability of the columns has great effect on the safety of grotto, so relative reinforcing measures should be taken as soon as possible. The author has carried out site investigation and hazard research, some rock and water samples had been taken, and relative testing had also been carried out. Three-dimensional numerical simulation has been used to find out the load forced on the column. And the stress distributions, strength and safety factors of the column rock have also been researched. All these work gave scientific evidence for the grotto's prevention and reinforcement designing. Research result shows that, the pressure-stress on the top of the column rock of grotto 9, grotto 10 and grotto 12 have been changed from 0.45MPa, 0.44MPa (before the grotto is shaped) to 1.29~1.31MPa, 0.94~0.96MPa (after the grotto is shaped), which has increased to 2~3 times of the original stress. The biggest load was on the top of column 4 in grotto 10, which is 3741kN. The highest uniaxial compressive strength of the column rock is 1.95MPa. According to the criterion, all the six columns are in state of danger, and the grotto 9, grotto 10, grotto 12 should all be reinforced.
During the past thousand years, Yun-gang Grotto has suffered a lot from the seepage hazard, and at the same time, the establishing column rock's stability of the grotto has reduced because of the dissected by the tectonic joint and unload crack. The weathering effect on the establishing column rock in front of grotto 9, grotto 10 and grotto 12 is the most serious. The stability of the columns has great effect on the safety of grotto, so relative reinforcing measures should be taken as soon as possible. The author has carried out site investigation and hazard research, some rock and water samples had been taken, and relative testing had also been carried out. Three-dimensional numerical simulation has been used to find out the load forced on the column. And the stress distributions, strength and safety factors of the column rock have also been researched. All these work gave scientific evidence for the grotto's prevention and reinforcement designing. Research result shows that, the pressure-stress on the top of the column rock of grotto 9, grotto 10 and grotto 12 have been changed from 0.45MPa, 0.44MPa (before the grotto is shaped) to 1.29~1.31MPa, 0.94~0.96MPa (after the grotto is shaped), which has increased to 2~3 times of the original stress. The biggest load was on the top of column 4 in grotto 10, which is 3741kN. The highest uniaxial compressive strength of the column rock is 1.95MPa. According to the criterion, all the six columns are in state of danger, and the grotto 9, grotto 10, grotto 12 should all be reinforced.
2004, 12(S1): 266-268.
The basement of the expressway linking Pudong and Chongming is soft soil foundation, and the Condition of Engineering Geology is not good, so the stability of the Embankment has to be evaluated.
The basement of the expressway linking Pudong and Chongming is soft soil foundation, and the Condition of Engineering Geology is not good, so the stability of the Embankment has to be evaluated.
2004, 12(S1): 269-272.
This paper have summarized deformation and failure types of the surrounding rockmass in underground excavation, and the studied on the basis of a water conservancy nearby a municipality in Northwest China. It's put forward 3 failure types: they are gravity fall, tension collapse and extrusion press slide types. According to the relationship between displacement and time of the surround rockmass, then reasonable supporting measurement time for surrounding rock mass stability have been determined by authors. It's not only useful to practice engineering measurements which are suitable for surrounding rock mass stability, but also useful to study its theoretical and engineering significance.
This paper have summarized deformation and failure types of the surrounding rockmass in underground excavation, and the studied on the basis of a water conservancy nearby a municipality in Northwest China. It's put forward 3 failure types: they are gravity fall, tension collapse and extrusion press slide types. According to the relationship between displacement and time of the surround rockmass, then reasonable supporting measurement time for surrounding rock mass stability have been determined by authors. It's not only useful to practice engineering measurements which are suitable for surrounding rock mass stability, but also useful to study its theoretical and engineering significance.
2004, 12(S1): 273-276.
Since the directional drilling technology was introduced into our country in 1980s, tens of large and medium rivers had been passed though successfully. Because engineering geologic conditions act a decisive role when making traverse design and execution project, it is necessary to make systemic engineering geologic investigation. Considering this special engineering, concrete contents and methods are proposed in the paper.
Since the directional drilling technology was introduced into our country in 1980s, tens of large and medium rivers had been passed though successfully. Because engineering geologic conditions act a decisive role when making traverse design and execution project, it is necessary to make systemic engineering geologic investigation. Considering this special engineering, concrete contents and methods are proposed in the paper.
2004, 12(S1): 277-279.
Inhomogeneous roadbed compacting is the common quality problem of high-filled roadbed, when analyzing deformation and failure of roadbed caused by it, the changes of physical mechanics parameters, such as deformation modulus and Poisson's ratio, must be considered. Based on the elastic theory, author has deduced the FEM analysis method which can consider deformation parameters changes, and analyzed deformation and failure characters of expressway high-filled roadbed in Sichuan Province, the result is OK。Obviously, this analysis has the forecasting and guiding meaning to high-filled roadbed design and construction.
Inhomogeneous roadbed compacting is the common quality problem of high-filled roadbed, when analyzing deformation and failure of roadbed caused by it, the changes of physical mechanics parameters, such as deformation modulus and Poisson's ratio, must be considered. Based on the elastic theory, author has deduced the FEM analysis method which can consider deformation parameters changes, and analyzed deformation and failure characters of expressway high-filled roadbed in Sichuan Province, the result is OK。Obviously, this analysis has the forecasting and guiding meaning to high-filled roadbed design and construction.
2004, 12(S1): 280-287.
The reason why the tunnel conduits that through one fault deformation so much recently is analyzed in this paper used correction separation wall rock pressure theory. Finally the tunnel deformation course of development is explained.
The reason why the tunnel conduits that through one fault deformation so much recently is analyzed in this paper used correction separation wall rock pressure theory. Finally the tunnel deformation course of development is explained.
2004, 12(S1): 288-291.
The lan(zhou)-cheng(du)-yu(chongqing) product pipeline is the longest one with total length of 1250km which has been built recently in China .It is an important and capital construction project in the developing strategy in Western china which have been carried out by Chinese government. The main line and breach lines, run through Ganshu, Shanxi, Sichuan provinces and Chongqing city, including 40 counties and cities. Along the route, the topography, landforms and engineering geological conditions are of complicated with bigger relief in the mountain and hill area, harmful and developing geological phenomenon. All of these will influence on the safe and reliable operation of product pipeline greatly.Taking the Buddha cliff landslip as an example, this paper illustrates the complicated geological conditions of this line and the landslip which influenced on selecting and derterming the route of this pipeline.
The lan(zhou)-cheng(du)-yu(chongqing) product pipeline is the longest one with total length of 1250km which has been built recently in China .It is an important and capital construction project in the developing strategy in Western china which have been carried out by Chinese government. The main line and breach lines, run through Ganshu, Shanxi, Sichuan provinces and Chongqing city, including 40 counties and cities. Along the route, the topography, landforms and engineering geological conditions are of complicated with bigger relief in the mountain and hill area, harmful and developing geological phenomenon. All of these will influence on the safe and reliable operation of product pipeline greatly.Taking the Buddha cliff landslip as an example, this paper illustrates the complicated geological conditions of this line and the landslip which influenced on selecting and derterming the route of this pipeline.
2004, 12(S1): 292-296.
The underground plant aera buildings of Lubuge hydropower Project in the karst rocks, the basic elevation of the plant is lower than the water surface of river and the reservoir of lower reaches. Therefore, it is a main problem that prevent the water of the river and another reservoir from leaking to the underground plant. This article introduced a successful example that analysied the regularity of karst developed、the geological structure of rocks and the possible leakage path, and that advanced prevent from leakage prevention design project and processing measures, and that after the processing confirmed achieve good results of leakage prevention in the communicating test and water storage test of the reservoir .It provides for reference on the other similar project.
The underground plant aera buildings of Lubuge hydropower Project in the karst rocks, the basic elevation of the plant is lower than the water surface of river and the reservoir of lower reaches. Therefore, it is a main problem that prevent the water of the river and another reservoir from leaking to the underground plant. This article introduced a successful example that analysied the regularity of karst developed、the geological structure of rocks and the possible leakage path, and that advanced prevent from leakage prevention design project and processing measures, and that after the processing confirmed achieve good results of leakage prevention in the communicating test and water storage test of the reservoir .It provides for reference on the other similar project.
2004, 12(S1): 297-301.
Slope stability assessment is one of important contents of geological disaster assessment for a construction site in hill area. Taking the slope of the construction site at the foot of a hill by the east of Miyun reservoir dam as an example, this paper expatiates the analysis method of slope stability for a construction site at the foot of a hill. It could be a worthful example to the geological disaster assessment for the construction site in hill area.
Slope stability assessment is one of important contents of geological disaster assessment for a construction site in hill area. Taking the slope of the construction site at the foot of a hill by the east of Miyun reservoir dam as an example, this paper expatiates the analysis method of slope stability for a construction site at the foot of a hill. It could be a worthful example to the geological disaster assessment for the construction site in hill area.
2004, 12(S1): 302-306.
The mine of underground coal bed offen leads to unstability of overburden rockmasses. The coal mine passed through YiLin electricity line is a example. By the calculation and analysis of displacement, tension stress zone, plastic zone and stress redistribution caused by the coal mine this paper points out the cause of ground split and sink and endangerment to engineering.
The mine of underground coal bed offen leads to unstability of overburden rockmasses. The coal mine passed through YiLin electricity line is a example. By the calculation and analysis of displacement, tension stress zone, plastic zone and stress redistribution caused by the coal mine this paper points out the cause of ground split and sink and endangerment to engineering.
2004, 12(S1): 309-312.
Based on a large ground engineering of tanks in the alluvial plain of Yellow River, this paper illustrates a succeeded practice of reinforcing soft soil ground. The soil, which comprises silt in shallow layer and fine sand or silt in deep layer in study area, has a low bearing capacity and a relatively high compressibility. For the mechanical properties of this soft soil, deep mixing pile is used to reinforce its ground. Small strain DET, disclosure of piles and in-situ loading tests are conducted respectively when the piles formed. The results of tests show that bearing capacity rises rapidly, uneven subsidence and a bigger absolute subsidence don't appear still. The results also indicate that the 800 piles in the area all meet the design specification. The measures and principles followed in the processing of construction are accentuated by the authors to qualify the deep mixing piles.
Based on a large ground engineering of tanks in the alluvial plain of Yellow River, this paper illustrates a succeeded practice of reinforcing soft soil ground. The soil, which comprises silt in shallow layer and fine sand or silt in deep layer in study area, has a low bearing capacity and a relatively high compressibility. For the mechanical properties of this soft soil, deep mixing pile is used to reinforce its ground. Small strain DET, disclosure of piles and in-situ loading tests are conducted respectively when the piles formed. The results of tests show that bearing capacity rises rapidly, uneven subsidence and a bigger absolute subsidence don't appear still. The results also indicate that the 800 piles in the area all meet the design specification. The measures and principles followed in the processing of construction are accentuated by the authors to qualify the deep mixing piles.
2004, 12(S1): 313-316.
The paper briefly introduces the equal interval or subzoning equal interval reinforcement design project with regard to the embankment slope in "the applied technical specification of the geotechnical composition materials for highway(JTJ/T019-98)". Then programs are written to calculate the slope safety during reclamation in layer, and the optimal laying interval of geogrid meeting safety modulus requirement is obtained through iterative computation. At last, the program is used to calculate an engineering example, and the result indicates that the best geogrid laying interval is not the equal one but the method of "sparse in top, dense in bottom", which should be utilized more later.
The paper briefly introduces the equal interval or subzoning equal interval reinforcement design project with regard to the embankment slope in "the applied technical specification of the geotechnical composition materials for highway(JTJ/T019-98)". Then programs are written to calculate the slope safety during reclamation in layer, and the optimal laying interval of geogrid meeting safety modulus requirement is obtained through iterative computation. At last, the program is used to calculate an engineering example, and the result indicates that the best geogrid laying interval is not the equal one but the method of "sparse in top, dense in bottom", which should be utilized more later.
2004, 12(S1): 317-320.
The ground soil situated at TongZhou County in Beijing does not meet the building requirement, which has a low bearing capacity and a middle liquefaction. For the mechanical properties of this soil, binary pile composite subgrade is used to reinforce the ground, where vibro-replacement stone column is used to improve liquefaction and rammed soil-cement piles to increase bearing capacity. Optimum design is adopted to ensure the construction. By detecting, the ground treated by this method reaches the requirement of structure design.
The ground soil situated at TongZhou County in Beijing does not meet the building requirement, which has a low bearing capacity and a middle liquefaction. For the mechanical properties of this soil, binary pile composite subgrade is used to reinforce the ground, where vibro-replacement stone column is used to improve liquefaction and rammed soil-cement piles to increase bearing capacity. Optimum design is adopted to ensure the construction. By detecting, the ground treated by this method reaches the requirement of structure design.
2004, 12(S1): 321-324.
Because of the specific geological structure of the northeast China, landslipe often occurrence in expressway engineering. This paper introduces the conventional measures of the landslipe harness.Take the zhongli landslipe as the example, we present the optimizing design scheme and give the classical example for the landslipe harness.
Because of the specific geological structure of the northeast China, landslipe often occurrence in expressway engineering. This paper introduces the conventional measures of the landslipe harness.Take the zhongli landslipe as the example, we present the optimizing design scheme and give the classical example for the landslipe harness.
2004, 12(S1): 325-328.
By the example of the specific landslope,this paper gives the sliding mechanics of the landslope on the base of the detailed geologic conditions analysis, and presents the stability of different region according to the evaluating of all regions. At the same time, we use the limit equilibrium method to evaluate the local stability and the whole stability of the landslope, then give the design parameters. According to these, such measures as mesh shot concrete, concrete facing and anchor are applied to reinforce the landslope.
By the example of the specific landslope,this paper gives the sliding mechanics of the landslope on the base of the detailed geologic conditions analysis, and presents the stability of different region according to the evaluating of all regions. At the same time, we use the limit equilibrium method to evaluate the local stability and the whole stability of the landslope, then give the design parameters. According to these, such measures as mesh shot concrete, concrete facing and anchor are applied to reinforce the landslope.
2004, 12(S1): 329-332.
Slope protection with ecology and plants has become an important field in methods and techniques of protecting and stabilizing slopes. Vitiver is a kind of easilily rooted and rapidly grown gramineous grasses, which has the powerful root's system and the first-class capability to protect and stabilize slopes. Experiments have shown that not only vitiver's root system has the relatively high tensile strength, but also the strength linearly increases or decreases when the number of its roots (density of root distribution) ecomes ;But the strength will sightly decrease with the increasingly long roots . Physical and mechanical properities of sandy clay evenly mixed with vitiver's root system obviously become, that is to say, the soil's unit weight reduces and its shear strength has an visible increase. This fact proves that slope's stability being improved is inevitable when there exists vitiver in the slope.
Slope protection with ecology and plants has become an important field in methods and techniques of protecting and stabilizing slopes. Vitiver is a kind of easilily rooted and rapidly grown gramineous grasses, which has the powerful root's system and the first-class capability to protect and stabilize slopes. Experiments have shown that not only vitiver's root system has the relatively high tensile strength, but also the strength linearly increases or decreases when the number of its roots (density of root distribution) ecomes ;But the strength will sightly decrease with the increasingly long roots . Physical and mechanical properities of sandy clay evenly mixed with vitiver's root system obviously become, that is to say, the soil's unit weight reduces and its shear strength has an visible increase. This fact proves that slope's stability being improved is inevitable when there exists vitiver in the slope.
2004, 12(S1): 333-338.
Anti-slide pile is the main measures to control the landslide along the highway of high standard in the mountain area in Guizhou Province. With the accumulation of application experience, many types of anti-slide piles such as single pile, pile plate wall, rank frame pile, stiff frame pile, anchor rope pile, anchor rope pile with stiff shelf and integrated pile etc. have been adopted in the controlling of the landslide along the highways of high standard till now. Adapted to the characteristics of highway and the mechanism, scales, physiognomy and geological features of landslide, the series of anti-slide piles with specialfeatures of highway has formed.
Anti-slide pile is the main measures to control the landslide along the highway of high standard in the mountain area in Guizhou Province. With the accumulation of application experience, many types of anti-slide piles such as single pile, pile plate wall, rank frame pile, stiff frame pile, anchor rope pile, anchor rope pile with stiff shelf and integrated pile etc. have been adopted in the controlling of the landslide along the highways of high standard till now. Adapted to the characteristics of highway and the mechanism, scales, physiognomy and geological features of landslide, the series of anti-slide piles with specialfeatures of highway has formed.
2004, 12(S1): 339-342.
SH do we make a new solidified material. In this paper, the experimental study on SH-fixated sand of Tengger Desert and loess in Lanzhou has been made. The affecting factors have been preliminarily studied, also. It is concluded that SH is fit for their solidification because their strengths after solidification are markedly improved, though differences between loess and sand are existed in cause of formation, composition and structure. The strengths are affected by SH contents, dry density and age. SH-fixated sand is mainly caused by physical action, but loess solidification with SH is more complex for loess is made by kinds of materials. The references of sand and loess fixated with SH may be useful for providing a basis in the field test and extending its application in a large scale in the future.
SH do we make a new solidified material. In this paper, the experimental study on SH-fixated sand of Tengger Desert and loess in Lanzhou has been made. The affecting factors have been preliminarily studied, also. It is concluded that SH is fit for their solidification because their strengths after solidification are markedly improved, though differences between loess and sand are existed in cause of formation, composition and structure. The strengths are affected by SH contents, dry density and age. SH-fixated sand is mainly caused by physical action, but loess solidification with SH is more complex for loess is made by kinds of materials. The references of sand and loess fixated with SH may be useful for providing a basis in the field test and extending its application in a large scale in the future.
2004, 12(S1): 343-348.
The complexity geology conditions usually accompanied with maldistributed weak soil, high embankment, intensive earthquake, short construction period are the main characteristics during the airport construction in the southwest of China. Therefore, it is indispensable to reinforce the weak soil. Summing up the airport construction instances in theses region, the rational and economic treatments are dynamic consolidation(especially the replacement dynamic consolidation), compaction gravel pile, cushion and rolling. Then their reinforcement mechanism and case design are discussed in detail during an airport construction.
The complexity geology conditions usually accompanied with maldistributed weak soil, high embankment, intensive earthquake, short construction period are the main characteristics during the airport construction in the southwest of China. Therefore, it is indispensable to reinforce the weak soil. Summing up the airport construction instances in theses region, the rational and economic treatments are dynamic consolidation(especially the replacement dynamic consolidation), compaction gravel pile, cushion and rolling. Then their reinforcement mechanism and case design are discussed in detail during an airport construction.
2004, 12(S1): 349-351.
The plant extension encounters the ground of subsidence loess in the 2nd project of a power plant. The explosive-enlarged lime-soil compaction pile is applied to improve the ground. As a result, subsidence of the ground is eliminated and bearing capacity rises rapidly. Furthermore, the previous plants and equipments are not influenced by the construction, which reduces money and time.
The plant extension encounters the ground of subsidence loess in the 2nd project of a power plant. The explosive-enlarged lime-soil compaction pile is applied to improve the ground. As a result, subsidence of the ground is eliminated and bearing capacity rises rapidly. Furthermore, the previous plants and equipments are not influenced by the construction, which reduces money and time.
2004, 12(S1): 352-355.
Selecting a sandlot as test spot in Mingsha Mountain at MogaoGrottoes in Dunhuang, and carring out artificial rainfall experiments, the effect of new chemical sand-fixing material with different compositions on temperature and humidity in sand dune is studied. The results show that the material can improve the conditions of temperature and humidity in sand dune, which is important in systemic sand-fixing engineering.
Selecting a sandlot as test spot in Mingsha Mountain at MogaoGrottoes in Dunhuang, and carring out artificial rainfall experiments, the effect of new chemical sand-fixing material with different compositions on temperature and humidity in sand dune is studied. The results show that the material can improve the conditions of temperature and humidity in sand dune, which is important in systemic sand-fixing engineering.
2004, 12(S1): 356-360.
As a kind of elastic-plastic medium, it is very difficult to describe water glass-stabilized soil by usual elastic-plastic models. A series of damage relationship models are analyzed. The constitutive relationships of elastic damage and plastic damage are established, respectively. The elastic-plastic damage model of water glass-stabilized soil is first established. Through the comparison with the experimental results, the elastic-plastic damage model of water glass-stabilized soil is verified.
As a kind of elastic-plastic medium, it is very difficult to describe water glass-stabilized soil by usual elastic-plastic models. A series of damage relationship models are analyzed. The constitutive relationships of elastic damage and plastic damage are established, respectively. The elastic-plastic damage model of water glass-stabilized soil is first established. Through the comparison with the experimental results, the elastic-plastic damage model of water glass-stabilized soil is verified.
2004, 12(S1): 361-367.
To the construction characteristics of bridge engineering in Plateau and High-cold Permafrost of Qing-Zang Railway, this paper discussed the technical measures and construction techniques of bridge engineering in detail.
To the construction characteristics of bridge engineering in Plateau and High-cold Permafrost of Qing-Zang Railway, this paper discussed the technical measures and construction techniques of bridge engineering in detail.
2004, 12(S1): 368-371.
Construction of a subway station encountered many difficulties because of the complicated surrounding environment and geologic conditions, especially the problems of settlement and destroys of adjacent buildings caused by deep foundation trench excavating. Based on the foundation styles and engineering requirements of those buildings, effective protecting schemes to surrounding buildings are worked out individually in the paper. Additionally, necessary moving and protecting measures to the pipelines that are influenced by excavating are also proposed.
Construction of a subway station encountered many difficulties because of the complicated surrounding environment and geologic conditions, especially the problems of settlement and destroys of adjacent buildings caused by deep foundation trench excavating. Based on the foundation styles and engineering requirements of those buildings, effective protecting schemes to surrounding buildings are worked out individually in the paper. Additionally, necessary moving and protecting measures to the pipelines that are influenced by excavating are also proposed.
2004, 12(S1): 372-376.
The construction methods and techniques of semi-filling and semi-excavating subgrades in Qing-Zang railway are mainly introduced in this paper.
The construction methods and techniques of semi-filling and semi-excavating subgrades in Qing-Zang railway are mainly introduced in this paper.
2004, 12(S1): 377-381.
According to water gushing parts of karst setions in Qihaoling tunnel, comprehensive waterproofing and drainage construction techniques (such as shotcrete, setting drainage blind ditches and channels, laying waterproof board and waterproof concrete, et. al.) and their effect analyses are mainly introduced in the paper.
According to water gushing parts of karst setions in Qihaoling tunnel, comprehensive waterproofing and drainage construction techniques (such as shotcrete, setting drainage blind ditches and channels, laying waterproof board and waterproof concrete, et. al.) and their effect analyses are mainly introduced in the paper.
2004, 12(S1): 382-385.
In the operating of the drilling pouring pile, drill design of back-rotating drilling machine is an important element for improving its efficiency. For the difference of the understanding of the drilling craft and the one of auxiliary device for the equipment, some details of the drill design are often ignored, but these details are probably important to improve the efficiency and the qualities of the drilling. This paper discusses these details ignored. By the optimal design for the key point of the drilling structure, the drilling's adaptability in different layers is improved widely. Meanwhile, the optimal design increases the drilling's efficiency and operating quality greatly, reduces its cost too.
In the operating of the drilling pouring pile, drill design of back-rotating drilling machine is an important element for improving its efficiency. For the difference of the understanding of the drilling craft and the one of auxiliary device for the equipment, some details of the drill design are often ignored, but these details are probably important to improve the efficiency and the qualities of the drilling. This paper discusses these details ignored. By the optimal design for the key point of the drilling structure, the drilling's adaptability in different layers is improved widely. Meanwhile, the optimal design increases the drilling's efficiency and operating quality greatly, reduces its cost too.
2004, 12(S1): 386-390.
Stiffening core soil-cement composite pile is a new type of composite pile that applies in foundation treatment and foundation pit bracing. This paper take profound research about conformation and action mechanism of the new type of pile. And the effect of application in some representative projects proved that it took on lots of use future for multilayer and little high-layer builds in soft ground.
Stiffening core soil-cement composite pile is a new type of composite pile that applies in foundation treatment and foundation pit bracing. This paper take profound research about conformation and action mechanism of the new type of pile. And the effect of application in some representative projects proved that it took on lots of use future for multilayer and little high-layer builds in soft ground.
2004, 12(S1): 391-393.
Geotextile is a new type of construction material in the field of geotechnical engineering, which is used widely in the road engineering for treating with soft soil subgrade. This paper expound the characteristics of the geotextile. The method of design and application are introduced and discussed.
Geotextile is a new type of construction material in the field of geotechnical engineering, which is used widely in the road engineering for treating with soft soil subgrade. This paper expound the characteristics of the geotextile. The method of design and application are introduced and discussed.
2004, 12(S1): 394-397.
Maole expansion joint is a kind of new structure of bridge expansion joint, installation of which is quite complex. Writer has been engaged in the railroad high-level bridge engineering and familiar with the installation of Maole expansion joint. The thesis recommend how to control the notch dimension of Maole expansion joint, how to hoist、install、adjust and joint steel bar. It analyses the calculation means of expansion data. It further expounds how to pay attention some of familiar problem during installation of Maole expansion joint. The thesis can be referenced by builder.
Maole expansion joint is a kind of new structure of bridge expansion joint, installation of which is quite complex. Writer has been engaged in the railroad high-level bridge engineering and familiar with the installation of Maole expansion joint. The thesis recommend how to control the notch dimension of Maole expansion joint, how to hoist、install、adjust and joint steel bar. It analyses the calculation means of expansion data. It further expounds how to pay attention some of familiar problem during installation of Maole expansion joint. The thesis can be referenced by builder.
2004, 12(S1): 398-400.
Ram-compaction piles with composite bearing base is a new type of pile. The characteristic and advantage of Ram-compaction piles with composite bearing base are introduced in the paper from meaning, principle,calculating method, economical technology analysis with engineering example. It has more vertical and level bearing force than other piles. It also has speed construction, high quality, less settlement(and uniformity), advantaged environment. It reduce cost more 20~30% than base disposal and is economical and potential method in soil base. So, it get extensive applying in pile engineering of industrial and civil buildings.
Ram-compaction piles with composite bearing base is a new type of pile. The characteristic and advantage of Ram-compaction piles with composite bearing base are introduced in the paper from meaning, principle,calculating method, economical technology analysis with engineering example. It has more vertical and level bearing force than other piles. It also has speed construction, high quality, less settlement(and uniformity), advantaged environment. It reduce cost more 20~30% than base disposal and is economical and potential method in soil base. So, it get extensive applying in pile engineering of industrial and civil buildings.
2004, 12(S1): 401-405.
Under complex engineering geology conditions, it is very important to select reasonable and economical method in exploring since the characteristic of rock and soil varies in space. Based on some case study, this paper discusses the effective application of geology radar technique in the geotechnology exploration under these similar conditions. Because of its high resolution and real-time expression of obtained photo, this technique, which is combined with other borehole surveying and takes some reasonable workflow, may explore effectively the fabric of underground geological body and its change in space. This method suggested in this paper may give much important information for the evaluating of geotechnical engineering and increase the efficiency of exploration greatly.
Under complex engineering geology conditions, it is very important to select reasonable and economical method in exploring since the characteristic of rock and soil varies in space. Based on some case study, this paper discusses the effective application of geology radar technique in the geotechnology exploration under these similar conditions. Because of its high resolution and real-time expression of obtained photo, this technique, which is combined with other borehole surveying and takes some reasonable workflow, may explore effectively the fabric of underground geological body and its change in space. This method suggested in this paper may give much important information for the evaluating of geotechnical engineering and increase the efficiency of exploration greatly.
2004, 12(S1): 406-410.
s The interaction between single pile and soil and the process of load transferring are studied, the meaning of in function of load transferring are clarified that is not the relative movement between pile body and soil or compressed pile body, but pile movement. The modified model of pile and soil interaction model was built and the formula for forecasting skin friction force and pile axis force are reached. Applied these formula to a case study, the forecasting result of load-settlement curve is well consistent with in-situ test data.
s The interaction between single pile and soil and the process of load transferring are studied, the meaning of in function of load transferring are clarified that is not the relative movement between pile body and soil or compressed pile body, but pile movement. The modified model of pile and soil interaction model was built and the formula for forecasting skin friction force and pile axis force are reached. Applied these formula to a case study, the forecasting result of load-settlement curve is well consistent with in-situ test data.
2004, 12(S1): 411-417.
By the means of analyzing of soft treatment effect of vacuum preloading in the project of jiaojiang polluted water-treatment factory, the authors state that:1 contrast to the preloading,the theory of vacuum is different and it is more effective to the soft soil in the depth. 2 the effect of vacuum preloading is influenced not only by the vacuum stress, but also the number of vacuum pumps, also named unit area vacuum power 3 It is also analyzed that the calculation of settlement, the vacuum stress declining and consolidation delay with depth.
By the means of analyzing of soft treatment effect of vacuum preloading in the project of jiaojiang polluted water-treatment factory, the authors state that:1 contrast to the preloading,the theory of vacuum is different and it is more effective to the soft soil in the depth. 2 the effect of vacuum preloading is influenced not only by the vacuum stress, but also the number of vacuum pumps, also named unit area vacuum power 3 It is also analyzed that the calculation of settlement, the vacuum stress declining and consolidation delay with depth.
2004, 12(S1): 418-420.
The direction drill technology introduced into our country from the period of 1980 that adopted comprehensively in pipeline drilled through. At the present time, hundreds of rivers had been drilled though successfully by the direction drill technology.Along with the big caliber pipeline be builded, drilling through some special engineering geological and hydrogeolgical conditions may conduce to some environmentai geotechnics questions, for example, collapse sink,land subsidence and piping by the direction drill.In order to dope out the big caliber pipeline drilled through by the direction drill conduces to the main environmental geotechnics questions in the future,the principle is expatiated on this paper.
The direction drill technology introduced into our country from the period of 1980 that adopted comprehensively in pipeline drilled through. At the present time, hundreds of rivers had been drilled though successfully by the direction drill technology.Along with the big caliber pipeline be builded, drilling through some special engineering geological and hydrogeolgical conditions may conduce to some environmentai geotechnics questions, for example, collapse sink,land subsidence and piping by the direction drill.In order to dope out the big caliber pipeline drilled through by the direction drill conduces to the main environmental geotechnics questions in the future,the principle is expatiated on this paper.
2004, 12(S1): 421-424.
Anti-floating underground water table is a key parameter for the buildings whose foundations are buried below the underground water table. Based on the weather condition in Beijing and the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions near the construction site, according to the underground water table data obtained from many year's monitoring, the main factors causing the change of the underground water table are analyzed and the highest underground water table of the construction site in the future is predicted. As a result, the anti-floating underground water table for the buildings in Yihai Garden in Beijing is determined.
Anti-floating underground water table is a key parameter for the buildings whose foundations are buried below the underground water table. Based on the weather condition in Beijing and the engineering geological and hydrogeological conditions near the construction site, according to the underground water table data obtained from many year's monitoring, the main factors causing the change of the underground water table are analyzed and the highest underground water table of the construction site in the future is predicted. As a result, the anti-floating underground water table for the buildings in Yihai Garden in Beijing is determined.
2004, 12(S1): 427-432.
The key technique to pick out the stable and reliable dispersion curve from Rayleigh waves of all frequencies, especially of high frequencies, is correct analysis of phase differences between waves with different frequencies on two measuring points. In this paper, the Rayleigh waves with different frequencies are applied into the detecting investigation of the treatment quality of the ground treated by dynamic consolidation for a large-scale project, the influence of culvert propulsion across a highway on the road foundation and the weathering degrees of a white marble fence plate in Forbidden City in Beijing. The application feasibility of Rayleigh waves in the detecting of engineering bodies with different sizes and relative methods for the stimulation, observation and explanation of the waves are tested so that a methodological series of the detecting by Rayleigh wave with low to high frequencies is formed. This offers a foundation for the application of Rayleigh waves in the nondestructive testing of various projects.
The key technique to pick out the stable and reliable dispersion curve from Rayleigh waves of all frequencies, especially of high frequencies, is correct analysis of phase differences between waves with different frequencies on two measuring points. In this paper, the Rayleigh waves with different frequencies are applied into the detecting investigation of the treatment quality of the ground treated by dynamic consolidation for a large-scale project, the influence of culvert propulsion across a highway on the road foundation and the weathering degrees of a white marble fence plate in Forbidden City in Beijing. The application feasibility of Rayleigh waves in the detecting of engineering bodies with different sizes and relative methods for the stimulation, observation and explanation of the waves are tested so that a methodological series of the detecting by Rayleigh wave with low to high frequencies is formed. This offers a foundation for the application of Rayleigh waves in the nondestructive testing of various projects.
2004, 12(S1): 433-438.
The circle sliced method of slope stability analysis is widely employed in engineering practice. But two aspects of difficulties are faced by engineers in using of the method. The first is complex of calculation process, such as for every supposed slip circle, the boundary of slip surface, the width and height of each slice as well as the number of slices have to be defined before computation one by one; The second is uncertainty of potential slip surface, there are some methods of searching the most possible slip surface proposed, each of the them has advantage and shortage. In this paper, the authors make significant revision related to the two aspects. First of all, on the two dimensional section of the slope,the ground surface is regressed as linear equations properly while the slip surface is supposed as circle equation, then the accumulation plus could be substituted by integration in the equation of Fellenus method, the analyzed solution was derived finally. On the other wise, a method for searching the most possible slip surface is suggested. We supposed the coordinates of top point and thrust point of slip surface as known, then the factor of safety varied with curvature of the circle through the two points. We could easily convert the factor of safety to a function of a parameter of length t by aiding of geometric method. Supposed the first derivative of the function equal zero, we could solve the equation to get the value of t . Accordingly the minimum factor of safety and the correspondent radius of slip circle could be defined. As we supposed differential position of top point and thrust point of slip surface, the most minimum factor of safety and the correspondent slip circle could be defined.
The circle sliced method of slope stability analysis is widely employed in engineering practice. But two aspects of difficulties are faced by engineers in using of the method. The first is complex of calculation process, such as for every supposed slip circle, the boundary of slip surface, the width and height of each slice as well as the number of slices have to be defined before computation one by one; The second is uncertainty of potential slip surface, there are some methods of searching the most possible slip surface proposed, each of the them has advantage and shortage. In this paper, the authors make significant revision related to the two aspects. First of all, on the two dimensional section of the slope,the ground surface is regressed as linear equations properly while the slip surface is supposed as circle equation, then the accumulation plus could be substituted by integration in the equation of Fellenus method, the analyzed solution was derived finally. On the other wise, a method for searching the most possible slip surface is suggested. We supposed the coordinates of top point and thrust point of slip surface as known, then the factor of safety varied with curvature of the circle through the two points. We could easily convert the factor of safety to a function of a parameter of length t by aiding of geometric method. Supposed the first derivative of the function equal zero, we could solve the equation to get the value of t . Accordingly the minimum factor of safety and the correspondent radius of slip circle could be defined. As we supposed differential position of top point and thrust point of slip surface, the most minimum factor of safety and the correspondent slip circle could be defined.
2004, 12(S1): 439-442.
According to the result of isotope tracer measurement and two-year original data of measure weir, osmometer and piezometer, taking advantage of the software package of eo6menu inversion calculation, applying saturation-non-saturation method of finite difference integration, the thesis carries out the inversion calculation of tridementional vadose field in Xiao shan hydropower station under four different conditions, and obtain the optimized solution of inversion calculation . The solution indicates that the vadose water of the measuring weir behind Xiao shan hydropower station dam mainly comes from basalt and the unconformity of basalt and andesite . The solution provides the disposal of the dam with a lot of fixed-amount basis.
According to the result of isotope tracer measurement and two-year original data of measure weir, osmometer and piezometer, taking advantage of the software package of eo6menu inversion calculation, applying saturation-non-saturation method of finite difference integration, the thesis carries out the inversion calculation of tridementional vadose field in Xiao shan hydropower station under four different conditions, and obtain the optimized solution of inversion calculation . The solution indicates that the vadose water of the measuring weir behind Xiao shan hydropower station dam mainly comes from basalt and the unconformity of basalt and andesite . The solution provides the disposal of the dam with a lot of fixed-amount basis.
2004, 12(S1): 443-445.
This year by developing of high building in zheng zhou,Get more and more applying of big diameter boring pile, especially one column of one pile of big diameter boring pile, what define of this big diameter boring pile, though technical code for pile of building have some define,but yet exit some value discussing question, this text discussing big diameter boring pile bearing power's define way,according to practical and engineering example- equal deform criterion.
This year by developing of high building in zheng zhou,Get more and more applying of big diameter boring pile, especially one column of one pile of big diameter boring pile, what define of this big diameter boring pile, though technical code for pile of building have some define,but yet exit some value discussing question, this text discussing big diameter boring pile bearing power's define way,according to practical and engineering example- equal deform criterion.
2004, 12(S1): 446-449.
In this thesis,the present condition of engineering geological investigation of airport is reviewed,the feature of airport engineering and the developmental tendency of engineering geological investigation are analysed.Engineering geology will develop at an unprecedented rate in 21st,at the same time,the engineering geological investigation will face new opportunities and challenge.
In this thesis,the present condition of engineering geological investigation of airport is reviewed,the feature of airport engineering and the developmental tendency of engineering geological investigation are analysed.Engineering geology will develop at an unprecedented rate in 21st,at the same time,the engineering geological investigation will face new opportunities and challenge.
2004, 12(S1): 450-454.
The paper introduces the present applications of the remote sensing during route and site selections in our country, and points out that remote sensing has become an important applied field and has gotten better social and economic benefits, and expatiates its applied necessity, characteristics, effects and applicable areas in engineering exploration, as well as the items to be paid attention. The paper also argues that when the technique of remote sensing is combined with other exploration means, it can improve the quality of the engineering exploration, overcome the limitation of ground investigation, enhance the predictability, make the investigation efficiently and improve the working conditions. Furthermore, the applications of remote sensing in railway, water resource and hydropower engineering, highway, combination gas pipeline, electrical engineering etc., are briefly introduced, including its detailed contents and means, and the applying prospects of engineering geologic remote sensing are also proposed. It is concluded that remote sensing has wide prospects and large potential markets in the engineering exploration, especially in the engineering of route and site selections in our country's "West Exploration".
The paper introduces the present applications of the remote sensing during route and site selections in our country, and points out that remote sensing has become an important applied field and has gotten better social and economic benefits, and expatiates its applied necessity, characteristics, effects and applicable areas in engineering exploration, as well as the items to be paid attention. The paper also argues that when the technique of remote sensing is combined with other exploration means, it can improve the quality of the engineering exploration, overcome the limitation of ground investigation, enhance the predictability, make the investigation efficiently and improve the working conditions. Furthermore, the applications of remote sensing in railway, water resource and hydropower engineering, highway, combination gas pipeline, electrical engineering etc., are briefly introduced, including its detailed contents and means, and the applying prospects of engineering geologic remote sensing are also proposed. It is concluded that remote sensing has wide prospects and large potential markets in the engineering exploration, especially in the engineering of route and site selections in our country's "West Exploration".
2004, 12(S1): 455-458.
To meet city underground engineering, this paper introduces the theory, technique and methods of 2-D geo-electrical imaging developed from investigation technology and method theory of conventional resistivity method. Some examples are used to illustrate the dominance and feasibility of this technology in studying engineering and environmental geological problem.
To meet city underground engineering, this paper introduces the theory, technique and methods of 2-D geo-electrical imaging developed from investigation technology and method theory of conventional resistivity method. Some examples are used to illustrate the dominance and feasibility of this technology in studying engineering and environmental geological problem.
2004, 12(S1): 459-462.
This paper discusses characteristic, methods, procedure and work content. Combined with geotechnical investigation and surveying supervision of ShiMan express highway, several problems of supervision are accentuated.
This paper discusses characteristic, methods, procedure and work content. Combined with geotechnical investigation and surveying supervision of ShiMan express highway, several problems of supervision are accentuated.
2004, 12(S1): 463-467.
In this paper, the usual methods to landslide stability evaluation are summarized and reviewed, which include limit equilibrium analysis, numerical modeling and probability analysis. The paper also introduces the universal monitoring instruments and forecasting models. And an expectation of landslide studying trends is given in the end.
In this paper, the usual methods to landslide stability evaluation are summarized and reviewed, which include limit equilibrium analysis, numerical modeling and probability analysis. The paper also introduces the universal monitoring instruments and forecasting models. And an expectation of landslide studying trends is given in the end.
2004, 12(S1): 468-471.
Based on rock mass engineering geomechnical theory and probability and statistics for engineering, establish a 3-D FEM back-analysis and statistics regression analysis model for in-situ crustal stress field. The model overcomes the shortcomings of the boundary loading adjustment method etc .It is practicable and easily manipulated, which can back-analyze the region situ crustal stress field quickly and accurately.
Based on rock mass engineering geomechnical theory and probability and statistics for engineering, establish a 3-D FEM back-analysis and statistics regression analysis model for in-situ crustal stress field. The model overcomes the shortcomings of the boundary loading adjustment method etc .It is practicable and easily manipulated, which can back-analyze the region situ crustal stress field quickly and accurately.
2004, 12(S1): 472-475.
A new kind of method, which determined pile bearing capacity by simulation test is introduced. We can obtain the cohesion and internal friction angle between pile and stratum with the laboratory middle shearing friction test. According to Colum lateral friction of pile is determined. The normalstress is caused by the above load of both pile and soil .Then by laboratory triaxial test tip resistance is achieved, both addition is equal to pile bearing capacity. Finally, the application of the present method used on SongHua Riverbridge pile is introduced .
A new kind of method, which determined pile bearing capacity by simulation test is introduced. We can obtain the cohesion and internal friction angle between pile and stratum with the laboratory middle shearing friction test. According to Colum lateral friction of pile is determined. The normalstress is caused by the above load of both pile and soil .Then by laboratory triaxial test tip resistance is achieved, both addition is equal to pile bearing capacity. Finally, the application of the present method used on SongHua Riverbridge pile is introduced .
2004, 12(S1): 476-481.
Toppling failure of rock slopes is associated with rock masses with a dominant discontinuity set with strike nearly parallel to the slope, dipping towards. The most frequent measures to control the slope are the installing of anchors or bolts, or lowering the slope angle by excavation, so it is important to determine the necessary anchor force to stabilize the slope. For this purpose, Goodman-Bray put forward with the theory of limit equilibrium of blocks, which considers the toppling failure of the blocks. It is based on the block theory, many assumptions are the same as the block theory. But the theory of limit equilibrium of blocks doesn t consider the influence of the block width on the anchor force. Lately, C.Sagaseta analyzed the influence of finite block thickness on anchor force of a particular case with Good-Bray method, the results show that the necessary force increases with decreasing block thickness, it reaches the asymptotic value when t →0, furthermore, the value is not far from the actual value in many cases. To gain the upper bound of the anchor force, the continuum method is adopted to analyze a basic case to gain the general solution. The block thickness is infinitesimal, hence the equilibrium equations in the Goodman and Bray method lead to ordinary differential equations that can be easily integrated in many cases. The solution can be considered as accurate for slopes higher than 20-30 times the block thickness. For thicker blocks, the anchor force may be reduced properly, which avoids project losing stability for smaller anchor force or economic loss for greater anchor force.
Toppling failure of rock slopes is associated with rock masses with a dominant discontinuity set with strike nearly parallel to the slope, dipping towards. The most frequent measures to control the slope are the installing of anchors or bolts, or lowering the slope angle by excavation, so it is important to determine the necessary anchor force to stabilize the slope. For this purpose, Goodman-Bray put forward with the theory of limit equilibrium of blocks, which considers the toppling failure of the blocks. It is based on the block theory, many assumptions are the same as the block theory. But the theory of limit equilibrium of blocks doesn t consider the influence of the block width on the anchor force. Lately, C.Sagaseta analyzed the influence of finite block thickness on anchor force of a particular case with Good-Bray method, the results show that the necessary force increases with decreasing block thickness, it reaches the asymptotic value when t →0, furthermore, the value is not far from the actual value in many cases. To gain the upper bound of the anchor force, the continuum method is adopted to analyze a basic case to gain the general solution. The block thickness is infinitesimal, hence the equilibrium equations in the Goodman and Bray method lead to ordinary differential equations that can be easily integrated in many cases. The solution can be considered as accurate for slopes higher than 20-30 times the block thickness. For thicker blocks, the anchor force may be reduced properly, which avoids project losing stability for smaller anchor force or economic loss for greater anchor force.
2004, 12(S1): 482-486.
Compared with other exploration methods Rayleigh wave exploration method has many merits, so it can be used to geotechnical engineering extensively. On the basis of the research of character and the inspecting principle with transient Rayleigh wave, combine with engineering example, this paper discusses application of multichannel transient Rayleigh wave method in inspecting lime soil compaction pile.
Compared with other exploration methods Rayleigh wave exploration method has many merits, so it can be used to geotechnical engineering extensively. On the basis of the research of character and the inspecting principle with transient Rayleigh wave, combine with engineering example, this paper discusses application of multichannel transient Rayleigh wave method in inspecting lime soil compaction pile.
2004, 12(S1): 487-490.
The distortion parameter appraisal about researching region has been a hot study problem all long in engineering geology fields. Many project design defaults are due to the departure about the distortion parameter appraisal from the practice. The fractal statistical model was used to estimate the distortion parameter of the rockmass and it was applied in engineering practice. Great economic benefit and societal benefit were attained as well.
The distortion parameter appraisal about researching region has been a hot study problem all long in engineering geology fields. Many project design defaults are due to the departure about the distortion parameter appraisal from the practice. The fractal statistical model was used to estimate the distortion parameter of the rockmass and it was applied in engineering practice. Great economic benefit and societal benefit were attained as well.
2004, 12(S1): 491-495.
Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station is a representative project in Jinsha River area. As the geological structure is greatly complicated and the amount of exploring data is extremely immense, it is difficult for the geologists to clearly explain the whole information of the exploring data and to directly hold the distributing rule of the rock and soil in engineering. In order to answer the call for constructing gigantic hydropower stations, the authors have set up the VRGIS of VII dam site of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station with the VR technique and 3D modeling technique. Flying interactively or automatically in the 3D virtual environment, the operator can directly and conveniently obtain the information of three-dimensional geological models, such as strata, faults, water level, etc.. In this way, the manager can grasp the geological structure on the dam site, improve the correctness of analysis, and make a strategic and proper decision. The application of VRGIS to the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station shows that it has a flourish prospect.
Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station is a representative project in Jinsha River area. As the geological structure is greatly complicated and the amount of exploring data is extremely immense, it is difficult for the geologists to clearly explain the whole information of the exploring data and to directly hold the distributing rule of the rock and soil in engineering. In order to answer the call for constructing gigantic hydropower stations, the authors have set up the VRGIS of VII dam site of Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station with the VR technique and 3D modeling technique. Flying interactively or automatically in the 3D virtual environment, the operator can directly and conveniently obtain the information of three-dimensional geological models, such as strata, faults, water level, etc.. In this way, the manager can grasp the geological structure on the dam site, improve the correctness of analysis, and make a strategic and proper decision. The application of VRGIS to the Xiangjiaba Hydropower Station shows that it has a flourish prospect.
2004, 12(S1): 496-499.
On discussing the meaning of engineering geology model at first, the paper brings up the concept of multifactor engineering geology model for overburden failure decision during coal mining. Then a fitting model basing on GIS is constructed and applied to upper limit decision. The result was approved in production.
On discussing the meaning of engineering geology model at first, the paper brings up the concept of multifactor engineering geology model for overburden failure decision during coal mining. Then a fitting model basing on GIS is constructed and applied to upper limit decision. The result was approved in production.
2004, 12(S1): 500-506.
Caculating method of one dimensional consolidation of multi-layered soils under time-dependent loading is studied in this paper, Water table influence and the matched consolidation-calculating model is proposed. As one application example, a certain international airport runway preloading soil improvement is introduced, which area is 310,0000 square meters, is about 230 to 750meters wide and 6500 meters long. It is found that it will have great influence on preloading effect when water table rise inside the area through synthetically study of measured data, which includes water table, pore pressure, ground settlement, delaminating settlement and horizontal movement of deep soil. The mechanism of water table influence is discussed in detail. The lateral measured data are shown that the proposed model is feasible.
Caculating method of one dimensional consolidation of multi-layered soils under time-dependent loading is studied in this paper, Water table influence and the matched consolidation-calculating model is proposed. As one application example, a certain international airport runway preloading soil improvement is introduced, which area is 310,0000 square meters, is about 230 to 750meters wide and 6500 meters long. It is found that it will have great influence on preloading effect when water table rise inside the area through synthetically study of measured data, which includes water table, pore pressure, ground settlement, delaminating settlement and horizontal movement of deep soil. The mechanism of water table influence is discussed in detail. The lateral measured data are shown that the proposed model is feasible.
2004, 12(S1): 507-510.
In the finite element method (FEM) numerical simulation of soft clay's triaxial rheological test,the link between the constraint of tangent elastic reaction and the constraint of displacement is provided to simulate the interaction of the interface between test machine and testing soil model, furthermore, the FEM Program is developed. Based on the triaxial rheological test of one soft clay engineering in Shanghai, with the approved model, the numerical simulation results is nearly corresponding to the test results.
In the finite element method (FEM) numerical simulation of soft clay's triaxial rheological test,the link between the constraint of tangent elastic reaction and the constraint of displacement is provided to simulate the interaction of the interface between test machine and testing soil model, furthermore, the FEM Program is developed. Based on the triaxial rheological test of one soft clay engineering in Shanghai, with the approved model, the numerical simulation results is nearly corresponding to the test results.
2004, 12(S1): 511-514.
By comparison, the advantage and disadvantage of various pile end test methods are discussed such as restricted loading, adit-loading, beam loading, internal loading, anchor-pulled loading, preloading and so on. According to the characteristic of the instructional and laboratory building's excavated belled piles in some university, Wuhan City, adit-restricted in-situ load test is designed to obtain the pile end bearing of excavated belled piles. The steps of this test include equipment and its fix, selecting the maximum load, loading, unloading and so on. In this paper, the 6 groups of test data are analyzed comprehensively. The results indicate that the proposed test method is portable, effective and feasible.
By comparison, the advantage and disadvantage of various pile end test methods are discussed such as restricted loading, adit-loading, beam loading, internal loading, anchor-pulled loading, preloading and so on. According to the characteristic of the instructional and laboratory building's excavated belled piles in some university, Wuhan City, adit-restricted in-situ load test is designed to obtain the pile end bearing of excavated belled piles. The steps of this test include equipment and its fix, selecting the maximum load, loading, unloading and so on. In this paper, the 6 groups of test data are analyzed comprehensively. The results indicate that the proposed test method is portable, effective and feasible.
2004, 12(S1): 515-518.
The newest development of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) application in large infrastructure engineering monitoring is presented. Based on the monitoring characteristics of landslide early-warning, BOTDR's application feasibility to the early-warning of landslide is discussed. It is demonstrated that BOTDR is outstanding with its distributed monitoring, long distance and real-time monitoring, so that it fully meets the demand of the early-warning of landslide and health monitoring of slope project. However there are still many relative topics to study such as temperature impact, installation methods of fiber optic sensor, fatigue effect of optical fiber.
The newest development of Brillouin Optical Time Domain Reflectometry (BOTDR) application in large infrastructure engineering monitoring is presented. Based on the monitoring characteristics of landslide early-warning, BOTDR's application feasibility to the early-warning of landslide is discussed. It is demonstrated that BOTDR is outstanding with its distributed monitoring, long distance and real-time monitoring, so that it fully meets the demand of the early-warning of landslide and health monitoring of slope project. However there are still many relative topics to study such as temperature impact, installation methods of fiber optic sensor, fatigue effect of optical fiber.
2004, 12(S1): 519-522.
Based on monitoring data of two points of Maoping landslide, the cusp catastrophe modes are built. After studying with cusp catastrophe theory, it can be drawn that the two controlling variables (a and b) of model for monitoring point EJ14 are all bigger than 0, and controlling variable a of model for monitoring point EJ8 is less than 0, which indicates that Maoping landslide will be stable in total, and will be instable at local area.
Based on monitoring data of two points of Maoping landslide, the cusp catastrophe modes are built. After studying with cusp catastrophe theory, it can be drawn that the two controlling variables (a and b) of model for monitoring point EJ14 are all bigger than 0, and controlling variable a of model for monitoring point EJ8 is less than 0, which indicates that Maoping landslide will be stable in total, and will be instable at local area.
2004, 12(S1): 523-528.
The thesis study new prospect technology and craft of large tailings-dam, deposit circumstances and characteristic of tailings; physics and mechanics property of tailings under static or kinetic condition. We find the tailings has dripping and chemistry solidify expert dead weight solidify,divide property of dripping and chemistry solidify, set distribute equation about static shear strength from three solidify of tailings.The thesis has important significance in theory study and practice use of geotechnical engineering .
The thesis study new prospect technology and craft of large tailings-dam, deposit circumstances and characteristic of tailings; physics and mechanics property of tailings under static or kinetic condition. We find the tailings has dripping and chemistry solidify expert dead weight solidify,divide property of dripping and chemistry solidify, set distribute equation about static shear strength from three solidify of tailings.The thesis has important significance in theory study and practice use of geotechnical engineering .
2004, 12(S1): 529-532.
When the fracturing of shaft lining happens, three simultaneous changes are involved among the bottom aquifer, the bed rock and the shaft lining, which are the seepage of groundwater in bottom aquifer from the bedrock to the shaft, the consolidation settlement resulted from the lost of groundwater in bottom aquifer and the development of additional force in the shaft lining, and the deformation of shaft lining subjected to the additional force. The fracturing process of shaft lining is numerically simulated by the Lagrangian Element Method, and the interface element is adopted to the coupling of the soil and the shaft lining. The result reveals the changing laws of different factors in the process of shaft-lining fracturing, and would play an impotant role in the fracturing mechanism analysis and prevention and harness for shaft lining.
When the fracturing of shaft lining happens, three simultaneous changes are involved among the bottom aquifer, the bed rock and the shaft lining, which are the seepage of groundwater in bottom aquifer from the bedrock to the shaft, the consolidation settlement resulted from the lost of groundwater in bottom aquifer and the development of additional force in the shaft lining, and the deformation of shaft lining subjected to the additional force. The fracturing process of shaft lining is numerically simulated by the Lagrangian Element Method, and the interface element is adopted to the coupling of the soil and the shaft lining. The result reveals the changing laws of different factors in the process of shaft-lining fracturing, and would play an impotant role in the fracturing mechanism analysis and prevention and harness for shaft lining.
2004, 12(S1): 533-536.
Pit shotcrete design project and stability checking computations of combined bolting mesh and shotcrete are introduced according to Li-River Hotel in GuiLin foundation engineering, and high pressure grouting waterproof technology in pebble bed are set forthed.
Pit shotcrete design project and stability checking computations of combined bolting mesh and shotcrete are introduced according to Li-River Hotel in GuiLin foundation engineering, and high pressure grouting waterproof technology in pebble bed are set forthed.
2004, 12(S1): 537-541.
Based on the stochastic structure model of karstic rock established with the date from the on-the-spot measurement, the concept of equivalent permeability coefficient is described in details. The distributing rule of leakage can be got by repeating calculation several times. At last, an example is offered to explain the usage of the method in actual engineering.
Based on the stochastic structure model of karstic rock established with the date from the on-the-spot measurement, the concept of equivalent permeability coefficient is described in details. The distributing rule of leakage can be got by repeating calculation several times. At last, an example is offered to explain the usage of the method in actual engineering.
2004, 12(S1): 542-546.
By factor analysis, we extracted four comprehensive factors that can represent the characteristics of the recently deposited soil. The characteristic information included in these four comprehensive factors reach 94.989% and only little information lost. All these information is not overlap, so it will reduce the complexity when analyzing problem.
By factor analysis, we extracted four comprehensive factors that can represent the characteristics of the recently deposited soil. The characteristic information included in these four comprehensive factors reach 94.989% and only little information lost. All these information is not overlap, so it will reduce the complexity when analyzing problem.
2004, 12(S1): 549-552.
For the harmony between human and earth, one should first of all understand an inevitability of geological hazards adequately. From this point, a new theory, the Time-Space Theory of Harmony Between Human and Earth, is put forward in the present paper. There exist different time scales between engineering activities of human and natural environments, however, which can be analogous in space. Based on the theory, the safety of projects will be ensured, and environmental protection can be achieved.
For the harmony between human and earth, one should first of all understand an inevitability of geological hazards adequately. From this point, a new theory, the Time-Space Theory of Harmony Between Human and Earth, is put forward in the present paper. There exist different time scales between engineering activities of human and natural environments, however, which can be analogous in space. Based on the theory, the safety of projects will be ensured, and environmental protection can be achieved.
2004, 12(S1): 553-559.
Engineering geology is a subject that has a wide application in many fields. Many theories have been proposed for this subject in past years. However, these theories are only applicable under some specific conditions, and the systematic studies are very few on their interlinks among various theories. This paper makes a systematic study and analysis of the engineering geological theories those were proposed before, and proposed an engineering geology theory system. Meanwhile, it points out that the fundamental objective of the engineering geology is to make an optimum coupling between the engineering system and the natural system.
Engineering geology is a subject that has a wide application in many fields. Many theories have been proposed for this subject in past years. However, these theories are only applicable under some specific conditions, and the systematic studies are very few on their interlinks among various theories. This paper makes a systematic study and analysis of the engineering geological theories those were proposed before, and proposed an engineering geology theory system. Meanwhile, it points out that the fundamental objective of the engineering geology is to make an optimum coupling between the engineering system and the natural system.
2004, 12(S1): 560-563.
Form sustainable development strategy point, Some views are advanced on building engineering geology in all construction, That is in the options of division, planning, investigation, design, construction, and operation.
Form sustainable development strategy point, Some views are advanced on building engineering geology in all construction, That is in the options of division, planning, investigation, design, construction, and operation.
2004, 12(S1): 564-568.
The first, most important and most prominent one among Mr Gu Dezhen's academic thoughts, attaching great importance to practice, geomechanics, mechanics of rock masses and research of stability of rock masses is the thought, attaching great importance to practice. The thought is, in a nutshell, attaching great importance to geological inspect and investigation in earlier stage of a project and taking an active part in the design and in the construction. This paper firstly sets forth the process of forming the thought, attaching great importance to practice, and its specific reflection; then with a case history of a project, investigation o foundation rock and design and construction of foundation structure of the first double-use great bridge after liberation of eight piers, nine holes and steel framework, spanning water level 1200m wide of Changjiang river, reflects specificly and lively the thought; and finally points out Changjiang three gorges hydropower project is the one Mr Guo paid a good deal of attention to and made much of effort in during his life-time, and the thought has played a important guidance role in geological investigation, design and construction of the second-stage projects of comprehensive control and prevention of geological hazards in Changjiang three gorges reservoir and will play still the role in the three-stage projects.
The first, most important and most prominent one among Mr Gu Dezhen's academic thoughts, attaching great importance to practice, geomechanics, mechanics of rock masses and research of stability of rock masses is the thought, attaching great importance to practice. The thought is, in a nutshell, attaching great importance to geological inspect and investigation in earlier stage of a project and taking an active part in the design and in the construction. This paper firstly sets forth the process of forming the thought, attaching great importance to practice, and its specific reflection; then with a case history of a project, investigation o foundation rock and design and construction of foundation structure of the first double-use great bridge after liberation of eight piers, nine holes and steel framework, spanning water level 1200m wide of Changjiang river, reflects specificly and lively the thought; and finally points out Changjiang three gorges hydropower project is the one Mr Guo paid a good deal of attention to and made much of effort in during his life-time, and the thought has played a important guidance role in geological investigation, design and construction of the second-stage projects of comprehensive control and prevention of geological hazards in Changjiang three gorges reservoir and will play still the role in the three-stage projects.
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